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Striking a sharp-edged flint or hard stone, such as quartzite, chert, or chalcedony, against a fire striker of mineral or fire-steel, causes hot, oxidising metal particles to split off the fire striker and ignite tinder.
So much for industrial action. Instead, Annie Besant sought to shame the shareholders. How could they accept such large dividends when the matchgirls worked twelve-hour days? Very easily, as it happened.It may be worth making plain that denying Mrs Annie Besant the deciding role conventional history has given her does not make the Bryant and May strike ‘spontaneous’. However, while Louise Raw identifies the strike leaders, she has not traced (perhaps she could not) the full internal details of the strike. Both these groups were active in the East End, holding meetings, selling papers and agitating, along with the anti-Irish coercion movement, which had come to a head in a march to Trafalgar Square that became known as Bloody Sunday (13 November 1887). Although not quite a ‘lady’ in the Victorian sense of the word, she was a high-profile figure when she interviewed some of the matchwomen of Bryant and May for an influential article she wrote called ‘White Slavery’ describing their appalling working conditions.
As a not-for-profit media organisation using constructive journalism to strengthen communities, we have not put our digital content behind a paywall or subscription fee as we think the benefits of an independent, local publication should be available to everyone living in our area. One aspect of this religious focus appears as small amulets in the shape of a fire-steel found in graves, often with Þórr's Hammer amulets: Photomechanical reproduction of 'Matchgirl Strikes' in front of Bryant and May's factory, showing strikers campaigning for better working conditions, c. 1900
New Unionism is the name given to the movement that developed in the 1880s to set up unions open to all workers, including the unskilled, unlike the traditional craft unions, which tended to protect only the interests of better-off skilled workers. Dear Lady they have been trying to get the poor girls to say that it is all lies that has been printed and trying to make us sign papers that it is all lies; dear Lady nobody knows what it is we have put up with and we will not sign them. We thank you very much for the kindness you have shown to us. My dear Lady we hope you will not get into any trouble on our behalf as what you have spoken is quite true. (3) Interview with Bartholomew Bryant in The Star newspaper (July, 1888)
Rather than Mrs Annie Besant leading the matchgirls’ strike, she tried to quash it with a consumers’ boycott, but once it took place and proved successful, she was happy to represent the matchgirls at the 1889 TUC conference. A: Why, a girl was dismissed yesterday; it had nothing to do with Mrs. Besant. She refused to follow the instructions of the foreman, and as she was irregular anyway, she was dismissed.From 1884-1916, HM Hyndman led the Social Democratic Federation, the first and for a long time the only Marxist party in Britain. In 1920, the SDF (renamed the British Socialist Party) became the largest grouping to join the new Communist party (CPGB). By that time, Hyndman had been expelled over his support for the first world war.
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