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The shape or form of muscle is generally dependent on its fascicular architecture and fiber length which also helps to define the muscle’s function e. Astronauts, free of the gravitational pull of Earth, can develop decreased muscle tone and loss of calcium from their bones following just a few days of weightlessness. The superficial muscles are the most superficial in the anterior neck, and include the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. Its blood supply stems from the superior thyroid branch of the external carotid artery, and inferior thyroid branch of the thyrocervical trunk. When you can move the injured area without pain stopping you, try to keep moving it so the joint or muscle does not become stiff.

These include the production of force and movement, support of body stature and position, stability of joints, production of body heat (to maintain normal body temperature), as well as, provision of form to the body.

Generally, the main function of these muscles is positioning of the hyoid bone and coordination of the movements of the floor of the mouth and the hyoid bone while swallowing or vocalization. It originates from the posterior surface of the styloid process of temporal bone and passes anteroinferiorly and medially to attach on the body of hyoid bone. The rectus capitis lateralis is a small muscle that arises from the superior surface of the transverse process of the atlas (C1) and ascends superiorly to insert onto the inferior surface of the jugular process of occipital bone. The platysma inserts into several points, including the mandible, the skin of the lower face, lower lip and the corners of the mouth. The cytoplasm of each skeletal muscle fibers/myocytes (referred to as sarcoplasm (sarco-, commonly used to denote muscle-related terms [flesh, Greek = sarx])) is largely occupied by subunits known as myofibrils which extend the length of the cell.

Cell-to-cell communication is largely facilitated via gap junctions which are located close to openings in the basement membrane, allowing the regulation and propagation of contractile signals across the smooth muscle tissue. Semispinalis cervicis, that arises from the transverse processes of vertebrae T1-T6 and inserts onto the spinous processes of vertebrae C2-C5.Its blood supply stems from branches of the vertebral, inferior thyroid and ascending pharyngeal arteries. One of the primary differences between smooth muscle and skeletal/cardiac muscle cells is the fact that the contractile proteins (actin/myosin) are not organized into sarcomeres; therefore they lack striations as seen in other muscle tissue types. The small muscles of the eye may contain only a few hundred myocytes/muscle fibers, while the vastus lateralis muscle of the thigh may contain hundreds of thousands of myocytes.

Rectus capitis posterior major, that arises from the spinous process of axis and inserts onto the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line.

Cardiac muscle cells/fibers (cardiomyocytes) are much shorter and broader compared to those found in skeletal muscle and are branched at their ends.

The platysma is innervated by the cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII), and vascularized by the submental branch of the facial artery, and suprascapular branch of the thyrocervical trunk.The function of the anterior scalene muscle depends on its point of action and whether the muscle acts alone or together with its contralateral counterpart. Condensations of perimysial-like dense connective tissue can be observed dividing groups of cardiac muscle cells/fibers into fascicles which, unlike that seen in skeletal muscle, whirl and spiral in a multidirectional manner (except in the case of the papillary muscles).