The Memory of Animals: From the Costa Novel Award-winning author of Unsettled Ground

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Most work on animal concepts has been done with visual stimuli, which can easily be constructed and presented in great variety, but auditory and other stimuli have been used as well. [46] Pigeons have been widely used, for they have excellent vision and are readily conditioned to respond to visual targets; other birds and a number of other animals have been studied as well. [1] Moore J (1999). "Allometry". University of California San Diego. Archived from the original on 2013-08-07 . Retrieved 2014-08-18. Menzel R (1993). "Associative learning in honey-bees". Apidologie. 24 (3): 157–168. doi: 10.1051/apido:19930301. Carazo P, Font E, Forteza-Behrendt E, Desfilis E (May 2009). "Quantity discrimination in Tenebrio molitor: evidence of numerosity discrimination in an invertebrate?". Animal Cognition. 12 (3): 463–70. doi: 10.1007/s10071-008-0207-7. PMID 19118405. S2CID 14502342.

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Brown E (12 April 2012). "Baboons can recognize written words, study finds; The monkeys don't assign meaning to them, but learn what letter combinations are common to real words, the study authors say". Los Angeles Times. The work of Thorndike, Pavlov and a little later of the outspoken behaviorist John B. Watson [17] set the direction of much research on animal behavior for more than half a century. During this time there was considerable progress in understanding simple associations; notably, around 1930 the differences between Thorndike's instrumental (or operant) conditioning and Pavlov's classical (or Pavlovian) conditioning were clarified, first by Miller and Kanorski, and then by B. F. Skinner. [18] [19] Many experiments on conditioning followed; they generated some complex theories, [20] but they made little or no reference to intervening mental processes. Probably the most explicit dismissal of the idea that mental processes control behavior was the radical behaviorism of Skinner. This view seeks to explain behavior, including "private events" like mental images, solely by reference to the environmental contingencies impinging on the human or animal. [21]

We have talked about long memory but who has the largest capacity for memory in the animal kingdom?

The Memory of Animals by Claire Fuller | Waterstones

Several experiments cannot be readily reconciled with the belief that some animal species are intelligent, insightful, or possess a theory of mind.

Dogs wouldn’t be good service dogs and able to assist police officers if they weren’t able to remember a whole bunch of stuff. They can also recognize their owners after a very long time. Animals process information from eyes, ears, and other sensory organs to perceive the environment. Perceptual processes have been studied in many species, with results that are often similar to those in humans. Equally interesting are those perceptual processes that differ from, or go beyond those found in humans, such as echolocation in bats and dolphins, motion detection by skin receptors in fish, and extraordinary visual acuity, motion sensitivity and ability to see ultraviolet light in some birds. [30] Attention [ edit ]

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Bräuer J, Kaminski J, Riedel J, Call J, Tomasello M (February 2006). "Making inferences about the location of hidden food: social dog, causal ape". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 120 (1): 38–47. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.120.1.38. PMID 16551163. S2CID 10162449. long-term reference memory. [58] [59] [60] Memory induced in a free-flying honeybee by a single learning trial lasts for days and, by three learning trials, for a lifetime. [61] Bombus terrestris audax workers vary in their effort investment towards memorising flower locations, with smaller workers less able to be selective and thus less interested in which flowers are richer sugar sources. [62] [63] Meanwhile, bigger B. t. audax workers have more carrying capacity and thus more reason to memorise that information, and so they do. [62] [63] Slugs, Limax flavus, have a short-term memory of approximately 1 min and long-term memory of 1 month. [64] Methods [ edit ] Brett-Surman MK, Holtz TR, Farlow JO, eds. (2012-06-27). The complete dinosaur. Illustrated by Bob Walters (2nded.). Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. pp.191–208. ISBN 978-0-253-00849-7. Jaakkola K, Fellner W, Erb L, Rodriguez M, Guarino E (August 2005). "Understanding of the concept of numerically "less" by bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)". Journal of Comparative Psychology. 119 (3): 296–303. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.119.3.296. PMID 16131258.Miller S, Konorski J (1928). "Sur une forme particulière des reflexes conditionels". Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. 99: 1155–1157. As in humans, research with animals distinguishes between "working" or "short-term" memory from "reference" or long-term memory. Tests of working memory evaluate memory for events that happened in the recent past, usually within the last few seconds or minutes. Tests of reference memory evaluate memory for regularities such as "pressing a lever brings food" or "children give me peanuts". PDF / EPUB File Name: The_Memory_of_Animals_-_Claire_Fuller.pdf, The_Memory_of_Animals_-_Claire_Fuller.epub