Orbiting Jupiter

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China's CNSA is planning to launch its two Interstellar Express spacecraft in 2024 to flyby Jupiter on the way to explore the heliosphere. [6] [7] Separately, CNSA has announced plans to launch its Tianwen-4 mission to Jupiter around 2030 which will enter orbit around Callisto. [72] [73] [8] Galileo Mission to Jupiter" (PDF). NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2012 . Retrieved July 9, 2009. The Europa Orbiter Mission Design". Archived from the original on February 23, 2012 . Retrieved May 20, 2009.Robert Zubrin, Entering Space: Creating a Spacefaring Civilization, section: Settling the Outer Solar System: The Sources of Power, pp. 158–160, Tarcher/Putnam, 1999, ISBN 1-58542-036-0

Another interesting property of Io is its relationship with the orbits of Ganymede and Europa: for every orbit that Ganymede makes of Jupiter, Europa completes precisely two, and Io precisely four. It is likely that the three moons formed somewhere else around Jupiter and were captured into these stable orbits. Juice will help us understand how and why the moons’ orbits have changed over time. The European Space Agency selected the L1-class JUICE mission in 2012 as part of its Cosmic Vision programme [1] [2] to explore three of Jupiter's Galilean moons, with a possible Ganymede lander provided by Roscosmos. [3] JUICE was launched on April 14, 2023. [4] The Russian lander did not materialize in the end. [5]P. Bond (2004). Stepping stones to the cosmos: the story of planetary exploration. New York; Berlin: Springer. pp.166–182. ISBN 978-0-387-40212-3. Ulysses – Science – Jupiter Distant Encounter Selected References". NNASA. Archived from the original on September 23, 2008 . Retrieved October 21, 2008.

The Chinese National Space Administration plans to launch two Interstellar Express missions in 2024 on a flyby of Jupiter [6] [7] and Tianwen-4 around 2029 to explore the planet and Callisto. [8] Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Johnson TV, Ingersoll AP, Collins SA, Shoemaker EM, Hunt GE, Masursky H, Carr MH, Davies ME, Cook AF II, Boyce J, Danielson GE, Owen T, Sagan C, Beebe RF, Veverka J, Strom RG, Mccauley JF, Morrison D, Briggs GA, Suomi, VE (June 1979). "The Jupiter System Through the Eyes of Voyager 1". Science. 204 (4396): 951–972. Bibcode: 1979Sci...204..951S. doi: 10.1126/science.204.4396.951. PMID 17800430. S2CID 33147728. Andrew P. Ingersoll; Carolyn C. Porco (July 1978). "Solar heating and internal heat flow on Jupiter". Icarus. 35 (1): 27–43. Bibcode: 1978Icar...35...27I. doi: 10.1016/0019-1035(78)90058-1. Stone EC, Lane AL (June 1979). "Voyager 1 Encounter with the Jovian System". Science. 204 (4396): 945–948. Bibcode: 1979Sci...204..945S. doi: 10.1126/science.204.4396.945. JSTOR 1748134. PMID 17800428. S2CID 44517302. NASA's Juno Navigators Enable Jupiter Cyclone Discovery". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) . Retrieved May 14, 2022.Jupiter’s ever-changing atmosphere has been a source of curiosity since the Solar System’s most famous storm – the churning Great Red Spot – was first glimpsed in the 17thcentury. Juice will use its unique instruments to answer questions such as: What is the weather and climate like on Jupiter? How does an atmosphere work when there is no solid surface? What could be making Jupiter’s upper atmosphere so unexpectedly hot? magnetic data evidence suggesting that Europa, Ganymede and Callisto have a liquid-saltwater layer under the visible surface;

In 2000, the Cassini probe, en route to Saturn, flew by Jupiter and provided some of the highest-resolution images ever taken of the planet. It made its closest approach on December 30, 2000, and made many scientific measurements. About 26,000 images of Jupiter were taken during the months-long flyby. It produced the most detailed global color portrait of Jupiter yet, in which the smallest visible features are approximately 60km (37mi) across. [36] Rincon, Paul (February 18, 2009). "Jupiter in space agencies' sights". BBC News. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009 . Retrieved February 28, 2009.

Bryan Palaszewski (October 2006). "Atmospheric Mining in the Outer Solar System" (PDF). Glenn Research Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009 . Retrieved July 2, 2009. How does this all come together? Artist impression of 25 ‘hot Jupiters’ – gas giant exoplanets that look physically similar to Jupiter but orbit closer to their host stars Connerney, John; etal. (June 2018). "Prevalent lightning sferics at 600 megahertz near Jupiter's poles". Nature. 558 (7708): 87–90. Bibcode: 2018Natur.558...87B. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0156-5. PMID 29875484. S2CID 46952214.