The Friar of Carcassonne: Revolt against the Inquisition in the Last Days of the Cathars

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The Duke of Guise sent out a letter to the provinces, which claimed to have been directed by the boy King. [4] The letter instructed authorities that they were to disregard the edicts of toleration, claimed that the Protestants wanted to make Condé king. It said that Paris's parlement had declared itself a tutor for the boy King and taken a "resolution to exterminate all those of the Huguenot religion as guilty of divine and human lèse majesté". [4] A copy of the letter reached Toulouse by way of Montpellier on April 10, 1562. [4] Condé's rebellion [ edit ] Rioting in Vaulx-en-Velin after a young man of Spanish origin was killed in a motorbike crash allegedly caused by police. [3] Also on May 15, Reformed Church members began using the ancient Roman sewer that ran to the Garonne river to move around or to find shelter. Catholics flushed the system with a large amount of water and capturing twenty five Protestants threw them from a bridge into the Garonne river where they drowned. [4]

Urban Factions and the Social Order during the Minority of Urban Factions and the Social Order during the Minority of

Since the pre-Roman period, a fortified settlement has existed on the hill where Carcassonne now stands. In its present form it is an outstanding example of a medieval fortified town, with its massive defences encircling the castle and the surrounding buildings, its streets and its fine Gothic cathedral. Carcassonne is also of exceptional importance because of the lengthy restoration campaign undertaken by Viollet-le-Duc, one of the founders of the modern science of conservation.Denying that the Catholic Church had any other authority over them, French Protestants did not feel obligated to avoid eating meat, and where they were in control of the local government they allowed its sale during Lent. In response to this development a royal edict forbidding the sale of meat or the public serving of it was issued in 1549 (and would be issued later in 1563). All the rules concerning Catholic abstinence and fast days continued to be ignored by a majority of Protestants and openly defied in areas were Reformed Church members held a majority of the population and dominated the local consulat. This practice infuriated Catholics (later in 1601 officials in Saint-Maixent even had house-to-house sweeps to ensure suspected Protestants were not eating meat on prohibited days). [10] As the meeting of Estates continued in their deliberations, Navarre's Queen Jeanne declared Calvinism her new religion and the official religion of Navarre on Christmas Day of 1560. She commissioned the translation of the Bible into the native language of Basque and Béarnese. Jeanne would soon banish Catholic priests and nuns from Navarre, destroy Catholic churches and outlaw all Catholic rituals in her land. French riots, a series of riots that occurred in the suburbs of Paris and other French cities involving the burning of cars and public buildings at night. The popularity of the Psalms in French is seen by some historians (like Strada and Rowland Prothero) as "among the chief causes of the Reformation in the Low Countries. So in France the metrical version of the Psalter, in the vulgar tongue, set to popular music, was one of the principal instruments in the success of the Reformed Church. The Psalms were identified with the everyday life of the Huguenots. Children were taught to learn them by heart; they were sung at every meal, 'to chant psalms' meant, in popular language to turn Protestant. The Psalms became the Huguenot Marseillaise." [5] Riots of Toulouse, a series of events that pitted members of the Reformed Church of France (often called Huguenots) against members of the Roman Catholic Church in violent clashes that ended with the deaths of between 3,000–5,000 citizens of the French city of Toulouse.

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Carcassonne is located in the south of France about 80 kilometres (50mi) east of Toulouse. Its strategic location between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea has been known since the Neolithic era. The town's area is about 65km 2 (25sqmi), which is significantly larger than the numerous small towns in the department of Aude. The rivers Aude, Fresquel, and the Canal du Midi flow through the town. Another easily observable practice that differentiated Protestants from Catholics during this time was the eating of meat on days prohibited by the Roman Catholic hierarchy. Catholics saw Protestants displaying, selling, purchasing, or eating meat on days prohibited by their Church as blasphemy. It is estimated that at least 200 people viewed as Protestants were slain in this street fighting, [22] though some historians (such as Greengrass) hold that such a figure is far too low. [4] Burning of Saint-Georges [ edit ] Arques; Ivry; Paris; Château-Laudran; Rouen; Caudebec; Craon; 1st Luxemburg; Blaye; Morlaix; Fort Crozon Carcassonne". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5thed.). HarperCollins . Retrieved 29 May 2019.The July Revolution, which led to the abdication of Charles X and establishment of the July Monarchy under Louis Philippe I.

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His government would “reach very real solutions” over the summer, he added, saying “we must strike while the iron is hot”. The Catholics responded to the tactic of Reformed Church members using homes to connect Protestant troops in different streets or as firing platforms by setting those homes on fire. [4] Just after 10am on Friday, Lakdim, stopped a white Opel Corsa car on the outskirts of Carcassonne, before shooting and killing the passenger and seriously injuring the driver. Populations légales 2020". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 29 December 2022. When a member of his listening audience thought a Dominican preaching at the Basilica of St. Sernin was speaking heresy, he yelled "You lie, you sneaking monk!", and then murdered the preacher. [2]On January 31, after the Estates had dispersed, the council met at Fontainebleau and reviewed petitions presented by Gaspard II de Coligny, "in which Protestants demanded temples." [16] These requests were referred to a commission of the estates which had remained behind to prepare for the assembly's scheduled May 1 meeting on finance. [16] Finn, Gary (December 15, 1998). "Second day of Toulouse riots over killing". independent.co.uk. The Independent . Retrieved December 21, 2017. youth protests in France, riots resulting from opposition to a measure set to deregulate labour in France. But with right- and left-wing officials pointing fingers at one another and each side insistent on their own solutions, the centrist president said at the end of the meeting that they had failed to find “unanimity”.