Fingerprint Activities: Animals: 1

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Using a brown Sharpie, add two round ears on top of the head. Also draw a long curly tail at the end of the body and four legs. An J., Lee M.Y., Min M.S., Lee M.H., Lee H. A molecular genetic approach for species identification of mammals and sex determination of birds in a forensic case of poaching from South Korea. Forensic Sci. Int. 2007; 167:59–61. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] Kennedy GC, German MS, Rutter WJ: The minisatellite in the diabetes susceptibility locus IDDM2 regulates insulin transcription. Nat Genet. 1995, 9: 293-298. 10.1038/ng0395-293. Bowland A.E., Bishop K.S., Taylor P.J. Estimation and management of genetic diversity in small populations of plains zebra (Equus quagga) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 2001; 29:563–583. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar]

Here at Ruffles and Rain Boots, we are really enjoying some time with the kiddo. But sometimes she and I get really bored and we have to come up with a new idea for fun. When the kiddo was the “most bored I’ve ever been in my whole life” the other day, I decided to show her how to make jungle thumbprint animal art. And we came up with so many different ideas in just a few minutes!Ozsolak F: Third-generation sequencing techniques and applications to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discovery. 2012, 7: 231-243. 10.1517/17460441.2012.660145. Hong-Sheng G, Peng Z, Cheng-Bo Y, Sheng-Bin L: HGD-Chn: the database of genome diversity and variation for Chinese Populations. Leg Med (Tokyo). 2009, 11 (Suppl 1): S201-202. DNA profiling can be used to help confirm whether two people are related to one another and is commonly used to provide evidence that someone is, or is not, the biological parent of a child.

Studies like the Australian one are make for important understanding of the natural world. It has proven that animal prints can strongly resemble human ones! It’s unlikely a forensic scientist would mistake a pawprint for a human’s hand, but individual prints are eerily similar. Currently, the best way to tell the difference is by the repeated patterns: koala prints tend to favor loops and whorls while human prints have a rather equal mix of loops, whorls, and arches. Signer EN, Schmidt CR, Jeffreys AJ: DNA variability and parentage testing in captive Waldrapp ibises. Mol Ecol. 1994, 3: 291-300. 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1994.tb00069.x.Owens IPF, Dixon A, Burke T, Thompson DBA: Strategic paternity assurance in sex-role reversered Eurasian dotterel ( Charadrius morinellus): Behavioral and genetic evidence. Behav Ecol. 1995, 6: 14-21. 10.1093/beheco/6.1.14. A technology typically used for catching shoplifters and detecting passport fraud is now being used to study endangered lemurs in Madagascar. A team of lemur experts and computer scientists at Michigan State University created a database, LemurFaceID, that modifies human facial recognition software to serve the lemur population.

Until now, scientists have been almost entirely dependent on bands for tagging the 44 species of bats in U.S. and Canada, but Amelon and her team have found a better way. By examining patterns of collagen-elastin bundles on the bats’ fibrous wings, scientists can differentiate between individuals without having to capture and tag the animals. Iyengar A., Diniz F.M., Gilbert T., Woodfine T., Knowles J., Maclean N. Structure and evolution of the mitochondrial control region in oryx. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 2006; 40:305–314. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] DNA is extracted from a biological sample. STR analysis is incredibly sensitive so it only needs a tiny amount of someone’s DNA to produce an accurate result. As a result the DNA can be extracted from a wider range of biological samples, including blood, saliva and hair. Septer, A.N.; Lyell, N.L.; Stabb, E.V. The iron-dependent regulator fur controls pheromone signaling systems and luminescence in the squid symbiont Vibrio fischeri ES114. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2013, 79, 1826–1834. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] Gilbert DA, Lehman N, O’Brien SJ, Wayne RK: Genetic fingerprinting reveals population structure in the California Channel Islands fox. Nature. 1990, 344: 764-767. 10.1038/344764a0.Hermans IF, Chambers GK, Jordan TW: Genetic analysis in sheep using hypervariable DNA probes. Proc NZ Soc Animal Prod. 1990, 50: 465-466. Jeffreys AJ, Wilson V, Thein SV: Hypervariable ‘minisatellite’ regions in human DNA. Nature. 1985, 314: 67-73. 10.1038/314067a0. Birkhead T: Promiscuity- An Evolutionary History of Sperm Competition. 2000, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Parejo J.C., Padilla J.A., Rabasco A., Sansinforiano M.E., Martinez-Trancón M. Population structure in the endangered Blanca Cacereña bovine breed demonstrated by RAPD analyses. Genes. Genet. Syst. 2002; 77:51–58. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] Using an orange sharpie, make two round ears on the top of the head, 4 legs and feet and a long skinny tail.