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Yu D. Current situation and prospect of enterostomy in China %J Chinese Journal of Nursing. 415-417 (2005). Inclusion criteria based on PICOS principles are as follows: (1) studies of patients with loop enterostomy over 18 years old, (2) compared the use of stoma support rods with non-rods in loop enterostomy, (3) both included loop ileostomy and colostomy, (4) revealed adequate data of the incidence of stoma retraction and other stoma complications, (5) any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies.
We have the answer for Support rod in a shower crossword clue if you need help figuring out the solution! Crossword puzzles can introduce new words and concepts, while helping you expand your vocabulary. Zindel J, et al. A sustaining rod increases necrosis of loop ileostomies: a randomized controlled trial. International journal of colorectal disease. 2017;32:875–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-017-2813-9. Adequate sealing of the skin around the enterostomy can prevent fecal leakage and reduce subsequent skin erosion and pain around the enterostomy [ 19]. In one study, which compared the effects of skin-level stoma support rods and subcutaneous support rods on skin irritation around the stoma, it reported that due to persistent fecal leakage, the skin-level support rod group had 70% of the surrounding skin irritation, and it was only 6% [ 33] in the subcutaneous support rod group. It is worth noting that in our study, the incidence of peristomal dermatitis in the unsupported group also decreased significantly, and the difference was statistically significant. The risks of other theories reported in the literature for the use of stoma support rods may include stress ulcers or skin necrosis caused by continuous pressure of the support rods [ 20, 27], peristoma infections caused by fecal contamination of the support rods passing through the mesenteric margin [ 25, 34], mesenteric ulcers, and even stoma necrosis [ 33]. Since the support rod is indeed related to complications [ 35] (such as peristoma dermatitis, peristomal infection, mucocutaneous separation, and even stoma necrosis), which will have a great impact on patients’ nursing and quality of life, it is not recommended for regular use.Kim JT, Kumar RR. Reoperation for stoma-related complications. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2006;19:207–12. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-956441. One of the unique features of the USA Today Crossword is its use of a non-standard grid, which can include circles or other shapes. This can make the puzzle even more challenging and interesting to solve. The puzzle also includes a variety of themed sections, which can add an extra layer of complexity to the solving experience. And meanwhile, an observational cohort study of Whiteley et al. [ 11] showed that 91.4% of enterostomies used support rods in 2003, while in 2012, only 10% of enterostomies used rods to prevent retraction, and in the process of significant reduction in the use of stoma support bars, the incidence of retraction did not change significantly, which also proved from the side that the occurrence of stoma retraction was not significantly related to the use of support rods. Whiteley I, Russell M, Nassar N, Gladman MA. Outcomes of support rod usage in loop stoma formation. International journal of colorectal disease. 2016;31:1189–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-016-2569-7. Franklyn J, et al. A prospective randomized controlled trial comparing early postoperative complications in patients undergoing loop colostomy with and without a stoma rod. Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. 2017;19:675–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.13600.
It was reported that the incidence of stoma retraction was about 0 to 1.4% [ 22, 23, 24, 25], and support rods were routinely used in these studies. In contrast, some studies have reported a high retraction rate of stoma, about 5 to 26% [ 20, 26, 27], or even as high as 40% [ 28]. However, there are great differences in the population of these studies, some only include ileostomy, or some only include colostomy, which may be an important reason for the difference in statistical data. Besides, the definition of retraction is not unique. Some studies define stoma mucosa below the skin as retraction [ 5], while other studies require mucosa to be at least 0.5 cm below the skin surface to diagnose retraction [ 29], so different definitions used in different studies may also lead to differences in the incidence of stoma retraction. Nowadays, this meta-analysis showed that of the 1131 patients included, 32 had stoma retraction (2.8%), the overall contraction rate was very low, and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of stoma retraction between the rod group and the non-rod group.Cheape JD, Hooks VH 3rd. Loop ileostomy: a reliable method of diversion. Southern Med J. 1994;87:370–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199403000-00014. Wu X, et al. Loop ostomy following laparoscopic low anterior resection for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. European journal of medical research. 2018;23:24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-018-0325-x. Arumugam PJ, et al. A prospective audit of stomas--analysis of risk factors and complications and their management. Colorectal Dis. 2003;5:49–52. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-1318.2003.00403.x.
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