Blitz: 3 (Rook Files)

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Methamphetamine was a legal prescription drug marketed as Pervetin produced by the Berlin-based Temmler pharmaceutical company and glowingly endorsed by addicted doctors. It seemed like a miracle at first and was taken by civilians and the armed forces alike. Nowhere were the 1920s more roaring than in Berlin - cocaine and morphine were available over the counter and cheaper than alcohol, and everyone was escaping reality, particularly since life in the Weimar Republic, with its mass unemployment and hyperinflation, was such a nightmare! Then these drugs started to be outlawed for obvious reasons (physical/mental health damage, addiction, death, etc.) and the Nazis came to power in 1933, supposedly ushering in an era of abstinence and sobriety, mirroring their Fuhrer, Adolf Hitler. Ohler raises a number of questions; did civilian use of Pervitin carry over to the military? Did German soldiers need the drug to fight effectively? Did the addictive drug influence the course of World War II? The answer in all cases seems to be yes. Relying on a significant amount of research, particularly Dr. Morell’s patient notes Ohler traces the development, production, and dissemination of Pervitin as World War II approached. He describes how it was employed in achieving the Blitzkrieg against France and the Low Countries in April and May, 1940. The speed of the German military was key, and commanders would not tolerate rest or fatigue. Pervitin, is at a minimum partly responsible for the German success. Dr. Otto F. Ranke, the Director of the Research Institute of Defense Physiology was completely on board with making these pills available to commanders and their soldiers. With no real guidelines as to how Pervitin was to be used they were distributed in the millions to German soldiers. According to Ohler, the original rise of crystal meth took place in Nazi Germany. The German chemical industry received a major boost in the 1930s under the direction of Dr. Fritz Hauscheld, the head of pharmacology at the Temmler Chemical Works who job was to discover a “performance enhancing drug” for the Third Reich. The discovery of morphine made a different scale of war possible as men too injured to fight could now return to the battlefield. Temmler’s research would patent the drug Pervitin (“speed”), Germany’s first methamphetamine that produced feelings of euphoria, energy, self-confidence, and strength. Temmler’s successful marketing campaign would result in the drug as a panacea for a number of issues from fatigue to a low sex drive. The drug became a fixture in German society in the late 1930s. Characters central to the story are Hitler and his personal doctor, Dr Theodor Morell and the vast menu of drugs including but not limited to cocaine, heroin, morphine, methamphetamine and branded concoctions such as the meth based Pervitin. Norman Ohler also provides some fascinating insight into drugs supply, manufacture and distribution in a country involved in and ultimately destroyed by Total War. His research and information on keeping German troops awake and functioning in combat and operations is interesting alongside the management of Hitler's health and drug regime.

Pervitin is linked to a senior staff doctor, named Professor Dr Otto F Ranke, director of the Research Institute of Defence Physiology. Ranke was involved in suggesting the drug could boost the performance of the army, which were under incredible pressure to perform, with Hitler making unprecedented demands. Indeed, the author suggests that the real enemy were not the British or Russian troops, but tiredness, and Pervitin offered a cure for exhaustion. Too late, Ranke saw the danger signs of addiction and side effects, but by then the army were marching for days and, while witnesses saw the invaders as virtually super-human, the troops themselves also began, dangerously, to believe in their own image.

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The correspondence is entirely one-sided. All Gershon’s letters are lost but he assiduously kept Eileen’s to him. It may seem a disadvantage only to have one side of a love affair, but in fact this anomaly makes the story of Eileen and Gershon’s romance novelistic. It becomes a first-person narrative of a kind of epistolary roman fleuve. Eileen’s voice – intelligent, allusive, iconoclastic, captivatingly intense – tells Gershon about everything she’s doing. How the war is progressing; what it’s like being in London during the blitz; who she meets; what she’s reading; what she’s thinking. Gershon is largely absent – first in the RAF and eventually posted to Cairo to work in military intelligence. Eileen uses the letters almost as a kind of lure, or a tether, to hold him close to her. Don’t allow your eye to wander; don’t betray me; listen to me; I am the person you truly love. These are the unspoken messages beneath the expertly rendered texture of the routines of her daily life in London working for the Air Ministry.

For example, whenever Morell notes that he had injected Hitler with an unnamed substance marked 'X' in his notebooks, Ohler assumes it was an opiate or some kind. Yet Dr. Morell, concerned to stay alive should Hitler end up dead, always made a effort to record when he supplied the Führer with opiates. These occasions were very few, or so it says anyway. Would Hitler not have voiced his contempt for Göring’s well-known morphine addiction had he been an addict himself? Not necessarily true, as would he really spread the news like wild fire he was a junkie, whilst raging a war and trying to keep the spirits up within his ranks?. Nor is there any solid evidence that the physical deterioration Albert Speer and others perceived in Hitler in the last months of his life was the result of his having to go cold turkey when the drug supply ceased. His tremors were the result of Parkinsons, as many writers have concluded. But again, the Parkinsons theory is sketchy. There's also a lot of detail on Hitler's own drug regime, all administered by his personal physician Theodor Morell, who was Hitler's constant companion. His medication, above all Pervitin and Eudokal, an analgesic morphine derivative, propelled Hitler into a world of delusion in which the defeats and disasters of the last two years of the war could be brushed aside as irrelevant. Celý to eskalovalo, když si v roce 1944 generál von Tomcruise zahrál na Pavla Zedníčka a předvedl na poradě svůj explodující kufr. V rámci léčby šoku dostal Hitler poprvý dávku kokainu. Tentokrát ne od svýho dvorního doktora, ale od ORL specialisty. Kokain mu chutnal stejně jako obyvatelům Berlína - vůbec se ho nemohl nabažid.

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The videos contain a performance of each level, a demonstration of how to teach it by rote and an explanation of the main teaching points. Samantha describes the reasoning and philosophy behind the fingering, register and articulation, as well as discussing general technique such as hand shape and strategies to avoid twisting. Brown's book features an eclectic selection from the wartime years and is full of fascinating and sometimes surprising insights.' Mail on Sunday