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An Encyclopedia of Naval History

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navy, a nation’s warships and craft of every kind maintained by armed forces for fighting on, under, or over the sea. develop naval power in the Atlantic, and for the French kings the sailing navy usually had a low priority. An avid miniatures wargamer, Jane first published All the World's Fighting Ships (known as Jane's Fighting Ships after 1905) in 1898, which catalogued all the warships operated by each country, their armaments, and other details, as a supplement to a wargame he designed. For earlier centuries, approximate displacements can be calculated from dimensions, contemporary tonnage calculations, or the size of crews. One part of this system was retained in most early modern navies as, to a considerable extent, they were manned with seamen recruited from the mercantile marines.

The critical phase in European naval history when France lost the initiative to the maritime powers. Such submarines became fundamental to deterring a potential aggressor from launching a surprise nuclear strike, chiefly because of the extreme difficulty of locating the submarines underwater. Up to about 1500 the Ottoman and Venetian navies increased in size during the struggle for control of Greece.

There is also, necessarily, a vast organization for the administration and upkeep of these warships. This realization resulted in a long-term increase in the size of warships and made it uneconomical to use armed merchantmen in naval warfare. Rising timber costs and reduced naval ambitions in several European states in the wake of a series of British naval victories during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars limited further growth.

Denmark usually had the largest battle fleet, but the other two navies also maintained large oared flotillas of galleys, oared frigates, and, by the 1780s, gunboats. Galleys and sailing warships had different capabilities, and they were often regarded as parts of different organizations.Because of a printer's limitation of no more than 400 pages for this trim size, the books were broken into two volumes, this first one containing the front matter and the navies of England, France, Germany, and Russia. In the meantime, General George Washington (1732–1799) announced he had taken command of three armed schooners under Continental authority and planned to intercept any British supply ships near Massachusetts . The net effect is that the 594 content-bearing facsimile pages are easier to read and larger than their scanned progenitors.

S. Navy had added hundreds of new ships and owned more than 70 percent of the world's total naval vessels of 1,000 tons (907 metric tons) or more.Even Warrior, Britain's first screw-driven ironclad (1860), retained sail-power after modifications in 1887. The Roman Republic and Empire had to maintain a fleet not only to neutralize the threat arising from rival sea powers but also to deal with the piracy prevalent in the Mediterranean and with the consequent safeguarding of trade routes. Around 170 years later, when England faced the Armada in 1588, only 14 of the 177 private ships enlisted for service were over 200 tons, and only 5 of the 34 ‘Queen's Ships’ exceeded 500 tons.

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