The Florentines: From Dante to Galileo

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Florence became a musical centre during the Middle Ages and music and the performing arts remain an important part of its culture. The growth of Northern Italian Cities in the 1500s likely contributed to its increased prominence. During the Renaissance, there were four kinds of musical patronage in the city with respect to both sacred and secular music: state, corporate, church, and private. It was here that the Florentine Camerata convened in the mid-16th century and experimented with setting tales of Greek mythology to music and staging the result—in other words, the first operas, setting the wheels in motion not just for the further development of the operatic form, but for later developments of separate "classical" forms such as the symphony and concerto. After the year 1600, Italian trends prevailed across Europe, by 1750 it was the primary musical language. The genre of the Madrigal, born in Italy, gained popularity in Britain and elsewhere. Several Italian cities were "larger on the musical map than their real-size for power suggested. Florence, was once such city which experienced a fantastic period in the early seventeenth Century of musico-theatrical innovation, including the beginning and flourishing of opera. [95]

Florence has appeared as a location in video games such as Assassin's Creed II. [98] The Republic of Florence also appears as a playable nation in Paradox Interactive's grand strategy game Europa Universalis IV. Allow them to cool on the tray for a couple of minutes until they’re just firm enough to handle. At this point, if you wish, you can neaten them up using a circular metal cookie cutter. Early Middle Ages [ edit ] The Goth King Totila razes the walls of Florence during the Gothic War: illumination from the Chigi manuscript of Villani's Cronica. and 19th centuries [ edit ] Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor and his family. Leopold was, from 1765 to 1790, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Starting from the late Middle Ages, Florentine money—in the form of the gold florin—financed the development of industry all over Europe, from Britain to Bruges, to Lyon and Hungary. Florentine bankers financed the English kings during the Hundred Years' War. They similarly financed the papacy, including the construction of their provisional capital of Avignon and, after their return to Rome, the reconstruction and Renaissance embellishment of Rome.

Euromonitor International's Top City Destinations Ranking". Euromonitor.com. 2016 . Retrieved 1 July 2017. Florence officially became a monarchy in 1531, when Emperor Charles and Pope Clement named Alessandro de Medici as Duke of the Florentine Republic. The Medici's monarchy would last over two centuries. Alessandro's successor, Cosimo I de Medici, was named Grand Duke of Tuscany in 1569; in all Tuscany, only the Republic of Lucca (later a Duchy) and the Principality of Piombino were independent from Florence. Savonarola, Machiavelli, and the Medici popes [ edit ] Girolamo Savonarola being hanged and burned in 1498. The brooding Palazzo Vecchio is at centre right. Some tourists are less than respectful of the city's cultural heritage, according to Nardella. In June 2017, he instituted a programme of spraying church steps with water to prevent tourists from using such areas as picnic spots. While he values the benefits of tourism, he claims that there has been "an increase among those who sit down on church steps, eat their food and leave rubbish strewn on them", he explained. [72] To boost the sale of traditional foods, the mayor had introduced legislation (enacted in 2016) that requires restaurants to use typical Tuscan products and rejected McDonald's application to open a location in the Piazza del Duomo. [73]

See also: List of churches in Florence and Theatres in Florence Baptistry, cathedral and campanile Piazzale degli Uffizi Florence, Italy: Tourist Travel Guide for Holidays in Florence, Firenze, Italy". www.visitflorence.com . Retrieved 28 September 2015.First preheat your oven to 180°C/Fan 170°C and line a large baking tray with a silicone baking mat or baking paper. Set to one side until needed. During World War II the city experienced a year-long German occupation (1943–1944) being part of the Italian Social Republic. Hitler declared it an open city on 3 July 1944 as troops of the British 8th Army closed in. [33] In early August, the retreating Germans decided to demolish all the bridges along the Arno linking the district of Oltrarno to the rest of the city, making it difficult for troops of the 8th Army to cross. At the last moment, Charles Steinhauslin, at the time consul of 26 countries in Florence, convinced the German general in Italy that the Ponte Vecchio was not to be destroyed due to its historical value. [ citation needed] Instead, an equally historic area of streets directly to the south of the bridge, including part of the Corridoio Vasariano, was destroyed using mines. Since then the bridges have been restored to their original forms using as many of the remaining materials as possible, but the buildings surrounding the Ponte Vecchio have been rebuilt in a style combining the old with modern design. Shortly before leaving Florence, as they knew that they would soon have to retreat, the Germans executed many freedom fighters and political opponents publicly, in streets and squares including the Piazza Santo Spirito. [ citation needed] 1/5 Mahratta Light Infantry, Florence, 28 August 1944 Italy, The Local (7 April 2016). "Florence plans 'mega-mosque' for Muslim worshippers". The Local Italy . Retrieved 24 October 2023. Grandi Stazioni – Firenze S. Maria Novella". Grandistazioni.it. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018 . Retrieved 22 June 2009.

The birth of italian fashion". Gbgiorgini.it. Archived from the original on 11 July 2018 . Retrieved 7 May 2017.Melt the butter and sugar together in a pan over a medium heat until combined. Put the fruit and nuts in a bowl, sift over the flour and toss together until the flour is evenly distributed.