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a b Vollmer, Michael; Tammer, Robert (1998-03-20). "Laboratory experiments in atmospheric optics". Applied Optics. The Optical Society. 37 (9): 1557-1568. Bibcode: 1998ApOpt..37.1557V. doi: 10.1364/ao.37.001557. ISSN 0003-6935. PMID 18268748.
Halo (optical phenomenon) - Wikipedia Halo (optical phenomenon) - Wikipedia
The natural phenomena may be reproduced artificially by several means. Firstly, by computer simulations, [7] [8] or secondly by experimental means. Regarding the latter, this occurs when a single crystal is rotated around the appropriate axis/axes, or a chemical approach. A still further and more indirect experimental approach is to find analogous refraction geometries. Light Up jar -Hand Painted Glass - Night Light-Sparkle Light- Firefly Jar- Glitter Jar- Customised- fairy lights- nursery light - Exclusive Sur la reproduction artificielle des halos et des cercles parh eliques”, Comtes Rendus Ac. Paris 108, 429–433, A. Cornu, 1889.The ice crystals responsible for halos are typically suspended in cirrus or cirrostratus clouds in the upper troposphere (5–10km (3.1–6.2mi)), but in cold weather they can also float near the ground, in which case they are referred to as diamond dust. The particular shape and orientation of the crystals are responsible for the type of halo observed. Light is reflected and refracted by the ice crystals and may split into colors because of dispersion. The crystals behave like prisms and mirrors, refracting and reflecting light between their faces, sending shafts of light in particular directions.
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The idea was to generate crystals by precipitation of a salt solution. The innumerable small crystals hereby generated will then, upon illumination with light, cause halos corresponding to the particular crystal geometry and the orientation / alignment. Several recipes exist and continue to be discovered. [13] Rings are a common outcome of such experiments. [14] But also Parry arcs have been artificially produced in this way. [15] Mechanical approaches [ edit ] Single axis [ edit ]Among the best-known halos is the 22° halo, often just called "halo", which appears as a large ring around the Sun or Moon with a radius of about 22° (roughly the width of an outstretched hand at arm's length). The ice crystals that cause the 22° halo are oriented semi-randomly in the atmosphere, in contrast to the horizontal orientation required for some other halos such as sun dogs and light pillars. As a result of the optical properties of the ice crystals involved, no light is reflected towards the inside of the ring, leaving the sky noticeably darker than the sky around it, and giving it the impression of a "hole in the sky". [3] The 22° halo is not to be confused with the corona, which is a different optical phenomenon caused by water droplets rather than ice crystals, and which has the appearance of a multicolored disk rather than a ring.
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