Waterfall Effect: A Small Town Romance

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Although Royce never recommended nor described a waterfall model [ citation needed], rigid adherence to the following phases are criticized by him: Abbas, Noura; Gravell, Andrew M.; Wills, Gary B. (2008). "Historical Roots of Agile Methods: Where Did "Agile Thinking" Come From?". In Abrahamsson, Pekka; Baskerville, Richard; Conboy, Kieran; Fitzgerald, Brian; Morgan, Lorraine; Wang, Xiaofeng (eds.). Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Vol.9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp.94–103. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-68255-4_10. ISBN 978-3-540-68255-4. Burton says that time is the most valuable asset for any organisation. And how every employee utilises this resource, is vital for the company’s growth and success. Only leaders who optimise their time to the fullest are capable of producing the waterfall effect in their organisations.

a b c McConnell, Steve (1996). Rapid Development: Taming Wild Software Schedules. Microsoft Press. ISBN 1-55615-900-5. Barlow, H.B., & Hill, R.M. (1963). Evidence for a physiological explanation of the waterfall illusion. Nature, 200, 1345-1347. Although the term "waterfall" is not used in the paper, the first formal detailed diagram of the process later known as the "waterfall model" is often [ citation needed] cited as a 1970 article by Winston W. Royce. [5] [6] [7] However he also felt it had major flaws stemming from the fact that testing only happened at the end of the process, which he described as being "risky and invites failure". [5] The rest of his paper introduced five steps which he felt were necessary to "eliminate most of the development risks" associated with the unaltered waterfall approach. [5] Time spent early in the software production cycle can reduce costs at later stages. For example, a problem found in the early stages (such as requirements specification) is cheaper to fix than the same bug found later on in the process (by a factor of 50 to 200). [11] a b c d Royce, Winston (1970), "Managing the Development of Large Software Systems" (PDF), Proceedings of IEEE WESCON, 26 (August): 1–9Aristotle (approx. 350 B.C.) reported illusory movement after viewing constant movement, but he did not specify its direction. The first clear specification of the motion aftereffect was by Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1820), who observed it after looking at a cavalry parade. Robert Addams (1834) reported the waterfall illusion after observing it at the Falls of Foyers in Scotland. According to Verstraten (1996), the term waterfall illusion was coined by Thompson (1880). According to Wade, Thompson, and Morgan, (2014), the most comprehensive single article on the phenomenon is by Gustav Adolf Wohlgemuth (1911). [1] See also [ edit ]

The first known presentation describing use of such phases in software engineering was held by Herbert D. Benington at the Symposium on Advanced Programming Methods for Digital Computers on 29 June 1956 [ citation needed]. [4] This presentation was about the development of software for SAGE. In 1983 the paper was republished with a foreword by Benington explaining that the phases were on purpose organized according to the specialization of tasks, and pointing out that the process was not in fact performed in a strict top-down fashion, but depended on a prototype. [3] Wohlgemuth, Adolf (1911). On the after-effect of seen movement. Wellesley College Library. Cambridge, University Press. This refers to the impact of positive attitude at the leadership and managerial levels. Leaders who are optimistic will always see a glass half full. This positive attitude in the workplace helps employees come up with ideas, experiment and create innovative processes and products. A leader operating from a positive frame of mind energises the entire workforce and helps to produce a waterfall effect.

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Then, when a head-strong horse balks mid-river, and we look down into the rapid course of the current, though our mount does not budge, still it seems a force is sweeping his body sideways, swiftly shoving it upstream, and wherever we cast our glance, every other thing will seem to be borne along and rushing as ourselves, in the same way.” source Addams R (1834) An account of a peculiar optical phenomenon seen after having looked at a moving body. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science 5:373–374 Waterfalls have a majestic feel to them, but when you take a magnifying glass, you notice the forceful energy starts much earlier. It’s through the hard work and energy of so many that the waterfall is even possible. Wohlgemuth, A. (1911). On the after-effect of seen movement. British Journal of Psychology Monograph Supplement, 1-117. Various modified waterfall models (including Royce's final model), however, can include slight or major variations on this process. [5] These variations included returning to the previous cycle after flaws were found downstream, or returning all the way to the design phase if downstream phases deemed insufficient.