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Barceloux, Donald G., ed. (2008). Medical toxicology of natural substances: foods, fungi, medicinal herbs, plants, and venomous animals. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-72761-3. a b c d e Cetaruk, Edward W. (2005). "Rattlesnakes and Other Crotalids". In Brent, Jeffrey (ed.). Critical care toxicology: diagnosis and management of the critically poisoned patient. Elsevier Health Sciences. p.1075. ISBN 978-0-8151-4387-1. Amerello, Melissa; Smith, Jeffrey; Slone, John (2011). "Family values: Maternal care in rattlesnakes is more than mere attendance". Nature Precedings. doi: 10.1038/npre.2011.6671.1.

In 2016, Allf et al published a paper proposing behavioral plasticity as the mechanism by which the rattling system evolved in rattlesnakes. [51] [52] [53] In the case of rattlesnakes, Allf et al proposed that tail vibration in response to predator threat could be the precursor for the rattling system in rattlesnakes, an example of behavioral plasticity. [51] To investigate this hypothesis, the researchers analyzed tail vibration and relatedness to rattlesnakes among snakes in the families Viperidae and Colubridae. Their results demonstrated that the more closely related a species was to rattlesnakes, the more similar that species was to rattlesnakes in both duration and rate of tail vibration. [51] These results strongly support the hypothesis that tail vibration preceded the rattling system as a behavior and allowed for the rattle to be selected for once developed. Even a small, underdeveloped rattle early in the evolution of the rattling system could have been advantageous if tail vibration was an ancestral behavior. [54]

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Lewis, Meriwether; Clark, William; Floyd, Charles (1904), Original journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804–1806, vol.1, p.257 . Werler, John E.; Dixon, James Ray, eds. (2000). Texas snakes: identification, distribution, and natural history. University of Texas Press. p.3. ISBN 978-0-292-79130-5. Keeping the cold out in the winter months is a must for everyone. Draughty leaks let cold air in, increase your electricity bills and make for a very cold night in. But what happens when your letter box lets the draft in and you are unable to seal it? The postman would find it difficult to deliver your mail. Browman, David L. & Williams, Stephen (2002). New perspectives on the origins of Americanist archaeology. University of Alabama Press. p.99. ISBN 978-0-8173-1128-5.

Klauber, Laurence M. & Greene, Harry W. (1997). Rattlesnakes: their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21056-1.Newborn rattlesnakes are heavily preyed upon by a variety of species, including cats, [22] ravens, crows, roadrunners, raccoons, opossums, skunks, coyotes, weasels, whipsnakes, kingsnakes, and racers. Young of the smaller crotaline species are frequently killed and eaten by small predatory birds, such as jays, kingfishers, and shrikes. Some species of ants in the genus Formica are known to prey upon neonates, and Solenopsis invicta (fire ants) likely do, as well. On occasion, hungry adult rattlesnakes cannibalize neonates. The small proportion (often as few as 20%) of rattlesnakes that make it to their second year are heavily preyed upon by a variety of larger predators, including coyotes, eagles, hawks, owls, falcons, feral pigs, badgers, indigo snakes, and kingsnakes. [23]

a b Schoenherr, Allan A. (1995). A Natural History of California. University of California Press. p.510. ISBN 978-0-520-06922-0. Lessenger, James E., ed. (2006). Agricultural medicine: a practical guide. Birkhäuser. p.447. ISBN 978-0-387-25425-8.a b c Allf, Bradley C.; Durst, Paul A. P.; Pfennig, David W. (2016). "Behavioral Plasticity and the Origins of Novelty: The Evolution of the Rattlesnake Rattle". The American Naturalist. 188 (4): 475–483. doi: 10.1086/688017. ISSN 0003-0147. S2CID 3906174.