The Noble Quran

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Iqbal M, etal., eds. (2013). The Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an (Firsted.). Center for Islamic Sciences. ISBN 978-1-926620-00-8. In other verses, the word refers to 'an individual passage recited [by Muhammad]'. Its liturgical context is seen in a number of passages, for example: "So when al-qur'ān is recited, listen to it and keep silent." [34] The word may also assume the meaning of a codified scripture when mentioned with other scriptures such as the Torah and Gospel. [35] Kamusella, T. (2012). The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. Springer. pp.265–266. ISBN 978-0-230-58347-4. Alya Karame. "Qur'ans from the Eastern Islamic World between the 4th/10th and 6th/12th Centuries" (PDF). The University of Edinburgh. p.109. Peters, Francis E. (August 1991). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 23 (3): 291–315. doi: 10.1017/S0020743800056312. S2CID 162433825.

Hadith are primarily from Muhammad but some are from those closest to him. Muslim scholars have worked carefully to authenticate them; see Hadith studies#Evaluating authenticity. Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Relation of the Ten Readings to One Another". Journal of Quranic Studies. 10 (2): 73–87. doi: 10.3366/e1465359109000424. For recitation, see "Art and the Qur'an" by Tamara Sonn, pp. 71–81; and "Reading", by Stefan Wild, pp. 532–35. Read the Holy Quran in book format by selecting the translation or commentary: (indexing in progress) (indexing in progress) (indexing in progress) Go Puin, Gerd R. (1996). "Observations on Early Quran Manuscripts in Sana'a". In Wild, Stefan (ed.). The Qurʾan as Text. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp.107–11.The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without evidence ( And follow not that of which you have not the (certain) knowledge of... 17:36) and in several different verses asks Muslims to require proofs ( Say: Bring your proof if you are truthful 2:111), both in matters of theological belief and in natural science. Denffer, Ahmad von (1985). Ulum al-Qur'an: an introduction to the sciences of the Qur an (Repr.ed.). Islamic Foundation. p.37. ISBN 978-0-86037-132-8. Translating the Quran has always been problematic and difficult. Many argue that the Quranic text cannot be reproduced in another language or form. [136] Furthermore, an Arabic word may have a range of meanings depending on the context, making an accurate translation even more difficult. [137] Start reading the Quran Online! Listen to beautiful audio recitations, read the Quran translation in your desired language and explore the Holy Book in a fast and mobile-friendly interface.

Dukes, Kais. "RE: Number of Unique Words in the Quran". The Mail Archive . Retrieved 29 October 2012. T]here was a very early attempt to establish a uniform consonantal text of the Qurʾān from what was probably a wider and more varied group of related texts in early transmission.… After the creation of this standardized canonical text, earlier authoritative texts were suppressed, and all extant manuscripts—despite their numerous variants—seem to date to a time after this standard consonantal text was established. Brown, Norman O (Winter 1983–1984). "The Apocalypse of Islam". Social Text. Duke University Press. 3 (8): 155–71. doi: 10.2307/466329. JSTOR 466329. A different structure is provided by semantic units resembling paragraphs and comprising roughly ten āyāt each. Such a section is called a rukū`. The Monotheists: Jews, Christians and Muslims in Conflict and Competition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12373-8.

Rawandi, Ibn (2002). "On pre-Islamic Christian strophic poetical texts in the Koran". In Warraq, Ibn (ed.). What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text and Commentary. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-945-5. The Quran's message is conveyed with various literary structures and devices. In the original Arabic, the suras and verses employ phonetic and thematic structures that assist the audience's efforts to recall the message of the text. Muslims [ who?] assert (according to the Quran itself) that the Quranic content and style is inimitable. [110]

Printed copies of the Quran during this period met with strong opposition from Muslim legal scholars: printing anything in Arabic was prohibited in the Ottoman empire between 1483 and 1726—initially, even on penalty of death. [172] [163] [173] The Ottoman ban on printing in Arabic script was lifted in 1726 for non-religious texts only upon the request of Ibrahim Muteferrika, who printed his first book in 1729. Except for books in Hebrew and European languages, which were unrestricted, very few books, and no religious texts, were printed in the Ottoman Empire for another century. [xv] Vasalou, Sophia (2002). "The Miraculous Eloquence of the Qur'an: General Trajectories and Individual Approaches". Journal of Qur'anic Studies. 4 (2): 23–53. doi: 10.3366/jqs.2002.4.2.23.The word qur'ān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a verbal noun ( maṣdar) of the Arabic verb qara'a ( قرأ) meaning 'he read' or 'he recited'. The Syriac equivalent is qeryānā ( ܩܪܝܢܐ), which refers to 'scripture reading' or 'lesson'. [32] While some Western scholars consider the word to be derived from the Syriac, the majority of Muslim authorities hold the origin of the word is qara'a itself. [11] Regardless, it had become an Arabic term by Muhammad's lifetime. [11] An important meaning of the word is the 'act of reciting', as reflected in an early Quranic passage: "It is for Us to collect it and to recite it ( qur'ānahu)." [33] Clogg, Richard (1979). "An Attempt to Revive Turkish Printing in Istanbul in 1779". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 10 (1): 67–70. doi: 10.1017/s0020743800053320. S2CID 159835641. According to Welch in the Encyclopedia of Islam, the verses pertaining to the usage of the word hikma should probably be interpreted in the light of IV, 105, where it is said that "Muhammad is to judge ( tahkum) mankind on the basis of the Book sent down to him." English spelling) The form Alcoran (and its variants) was usual before the 19th century when it became obsolete. [5] [6] The form Koran was most predominant from the second half of the 18th century till the 1980s, when it has been superseded by either Qur'an or Quran. [6] [7] [8] [9] Other transliterations include al-Coran, Coran, Kuran and al-Qur'an. The adjectives vary as well and include Koranic, Quranic and Qur'anic (sometimes in lowercase). [10]