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British Politics: The Basics

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The coalition ended following parliamentary elections on 7 May 2015, in which the Conservative Party won an outright majority of seats, 330 of the 650 seats in the House of Commons, while their coalition partners lost all but eight seats. Over time, this arrangement became the effective executive branch of government, as it assumed the day-to-day functioning of the British government away from the sovereign. In exceptional circumstances the monarch asks someone to 'form a government' with a parliamentary minority [11] which in the event of no party having a majority requires the formation of a coalition government or 'confidence and supply' arrangement. Finally, she moved into Downing Street as her joint chiefs of staff, her two Home Office aides, Nick Timothy and Fiona Hill.

Now you’ve got some of the fundamentals down, do you think you’ve got what it takes to complete our Politics virtual work experience programme? The Prime Minister being the de facto leader of the UK, exercises executive functions that are nominally vested in the sovereign (by way of the Royal Prerogatives). Ministers are chosen by the Prime Minister from the members of the House of Commons and House of Lords. In some parts of the country, there’s just one tier of local government providing all the functions, known as a ‘unitary authority’. There are also devolved Scottish and Welsh parliaments and a devolved assembly in Northern Ireland, with varying degrees of legislative authority.

Government of Ireland Act 1920, passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and created the partition of Ireland. However, following the lead of the Hanoverian monarchs, an arrangement of a "Prime Minister" chairing and leading the Cabinet began to emerge. The other parties then become the ‘opposition’; they check and debate the work of the government in parliament.

This system of government, known as the Westminster system, has been adopted by other countries, especially those that were formerly parts of the British Empire. In the case of the latest edition of Politics UK, for example , aside from three new chapters , the chapter headings and indeed the content is broadly the same as in previous editions. Some politicians interviewed in the Emily Maitlis BBC programme (24 March 2019) on the scandal suggested the already thin degree of trust between government and people had catalysed the process which ultimately erupted in the June 2016 referendum vote.

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