Glade Fragranced Bathroom Gel, Bathroom Air Freshener & Discreet Odour Eliminator, Luscious Cherry & Peony, 180g

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Common terpenes in the fragranced consumer products, such as limonene, are chiral molecules: they can exist as a right-hand enantiomer (e.g., d-limonene), a left-hand enantiomer (e.g., l-limonene), or a mixture. Chiral molecules found in nature are usually and predominantly one enantiomer or another, whereas chiral molecules that are synthetized are usually a mixture of enantiomers. For a specific chiral molecule, individual enantiomers and their mixtures can have the same chemical structure but different biological effects. An interesting area for scientific exploration is the potential difference in effects of different enantiomeric forms and sources of chiral fragrance molecules. Study of 12 car air fresheners. The GC/MS analyses found 546 VOC occurrences, representing 275 VOC identities. Among these VOCs, 30 VOC occurrences, representing 9 VOC identities, are classified as potentially hazardous. Steinemann AC (2009) Fragranced consumer products and undisclosed ingredients. Environ Impact Assess Rev 29(1):32–38 Specific product results, for population exposure at least once a week, are as follows: air fresheners and deodorizers, 74.7%; personal care products, 93.2%; cleaning supplies, 86.2%; laundry products, 87.1%; household products, 79.1%; fragrance, 82.8%; and other products, 3.7%.

A “fragrance” is a scent and, despite its singular name, it is a formulation of dozens of chemicals, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nearly 4000 ingredients have been documented for use in the composition of a fragrance (IFRA 2020b). A fragrance is generally intended to “provide an aroma, to mask an odor, or both” (Steinemann 2019a). Steinemann A (2019c) International prevalence of chemical sensitivity, co-prevalences with asthma and autism, and effects from fragranced consumer products. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(5):519–527To promote comparability, the survey replicated questions from previous studies of fragrance sensitivity (Steinemann 2016, 2017a, 2018a, b, c, d, 2019; Steinemann et al. 2018; Caress and Steinemann 2009), as follows. Is fragrance sensitivity an epidemic? Given that nearly one-third of the population across four countries reports adverse effects, and that associated health effects and societal costs can be serious, the answer appears to be yes. In addition, a majority of the population in each of these four countries would prefer fragrance-free to fragranced environments. The study also identified vulnerable populations, such as asthmatic individuals and autistic individuals. Steinemann A (2018d) Fragranced consumer products: effects on autistic adults in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom. Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health, Sept:1–6 Terpenes were the most commonly and consistently emitted VOCs from fragranced products. As noted above, terpenes were present in all fragranced products tested, but absent in all fragrance-free products tested.

Steinemann A (2018a) Fragranced consumer products: effects on asthmatics. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(1):3–9 Steinemann A (2019b) International prevalence of fragrance sensitivity. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(8):891–897 Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA) (2008) 42 U.S. Code § 12102 - Definition of disability (Pub. L. 101–336, § 3, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 110–325, §4(a), Sept. 25, 2008, 122 Stat. 3555.) Available at: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/12102. Accessed September 5, 2020 Discrimination Act (Diskrimineringslagen) (DA) (2008) SFS No: 2008: 567, Section 5:4. Definition of disability https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/diskrimineringslag-2008567_sfs-2008-567 https://www.government.se/contentassets/6732121a2cb54ee3b21da9c628b6bdc7/oversattning-diskrimineringslagen_eng.pdf. Accessed 18 April 2019 Add the wine, scraping the bottom of the pot to incorporate any browned bits, and raise the heat to medium-​high to bring to a boil. — Jonathan Miles, Field & Stream, 15 Nov. 2023 Continue baking until chiles are fragrant and crisp, 5 to 6 minutes longer. — Sabrina Weiss, Peoplemag, 14 Nov. 2023 Add rice and cook, stirring often, until fragrant and lightly toasted, 3 to 4 minutes. — Paige Grandjean, Southern Living, 9 Nov. 2023 Cook, stirring often, until honey is dissolved and mixture is fragrant with spices, about 7 minutes. — Joy Wilson, Southern Living, 24 Oct. 2023 This multi-purpose elixir is a luxurious spa experience bottled up and ready to transform your daily shower into a fragrant and soothing escape from the cold. — Kathy Barr, Rolling Stone, 24 Oct. 2023 It's seasoned with a fragrant blend of thyme, sage, and rosemary that will fill your home with holiday scents. — Bridget Degnan, Southern Living, 20 Oct. 2023 But in recent years, the conversation has found a global perspective as perfume lovers have set their sights (and noses) to other equally as fragrant cultures. — Pia Velasco, Vogue, 15 Oct. 2023 See MoreNematollahi N, Doronila A, Mornane P, Duan A, Kolev SD, Steinemann A (2018a) Volatile chemical emissions from fragranced baby products. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(7):785–790 The most common fragranced product VOC (77% of products) was limonene. The most common fragrance-free product VOC (40% of products) was ethanol. The most common potentially hazardous VOCs (> 40% of products) were limonene and ethanol. No significant difference was found in emissions of the most prevalent potentially hazardous VOCs between green fragranced products and regular fragranced products. Exposure to fragranced products has been associated with a range of adverse human health and societal effects among the general population, and especially among vulnerable sub-populations such as individuals with asthma (Weinberg et al. 2017; Steinemann 2018c; Steinemann et al. 2018), autism (Steinemann 2018d), and chemical sensitivity (Steinemann 2019). Fragrance sensitivity can also be considered a disabling health condition that is covered under disability legislation in certain countries. However, relatively little research has investigated the prevalence of fragrance sensitivity, and more specifically links between fragranced consumer products and adverse health and societal effects. The most common fragranced baby product VOC (67% of products) was limonene. The most common potentially hazardous VOCs (> 55% of products) were limonene, acetaldehyde, and ethanol. No significant difference was found in the emissions of the most prevalent potentially hazardous VOCs between green fragranced baby products and regular fragranced baby products.

Steinemann A, Nematollahi N (2020) Migraine headaches and fragranced consumer products: an international population-based study. Air Qual Atmos Health 7:1–4 For asthmatic individuals, the survey asked, “Has a doctor or health care professional ever told you that you have asthma or an asthma-like condition?” If the respondent answered yes, the survey then asked to specify which one or both. For this study, “asthmatic individuals” are considered to be medically diagnosed with asthma, an asthma-like condition, or both. Steinemann A, Goodman N (2019) Fragranced consumer products and effects on asthmatics: an international population-based study. Air Qual Atmos Health 12(6):643–649Sell C (ed) (2006) The chemistry of fragrances: from perfumer to consumer, 2nd edn. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge

Toward this goal, a practical approach would be to use products without fragrance (such as fragrance-free products) or to obviate the use of fragranced products (such as air fresheners) (e.g., Steinemann 2017b). Another step would be the listing of “fragrance” on the label for all types of consumer products (not only for foods, drugs, and cosmetics) so that consumers know whether a product contains fragrance. A further step would be a more complete disclosure and understanding of the specific ingredients in a product’s “fragrance.” Simmering Granules also known as Scented Sizzlers/Crystals are a very popular alternative to oils or wax, they are versatile little bursts of fragrance for your home. Simmering Granules are a natural salt based product with added colour and fragrance for use in oil or wax burners. For vulnerable sub-populations, the frequencies of the types of adverse health effects (% relative to that sub-population) include the following: Lunny S, Nelson R, Steinemann A (2017) Something in the air but not on the label: a call for increased regulatory ingredient disclosure for fragranced consumer products. Univ New South Wales Law J 40(4):1366–1391

Plain Unperfumed Soap

Steinemann A (2018d) Exposures and effects from fragranced consumer products in Sweden. Air Qual Atmos Health 11(5):485–491 Steinemann A (2017b) Ten questions concerning air fresheners and indoor built environments. Build Environ 111:279–284 IFRA (International Fragrance Association) (2020b) IFRA transparency list. https://ifrafragrance.org/initiatives/transparency/ifra-transparency-list. Accessed 27 August 2020