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Unthinkable: Which 'golden rule' of ethics is best, the Christian or Confucian?". The Irish Times . Retrieved 2023-10-21.

Van Norden, B.W., ed. (2001). Confucius and the Analects: New Essays. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513396-X.

a b Burgan, Michael (2008). Confucius: Chinese Philosopher and Teacher. Capstone. p.23. ISBN 978-0-7565-3832-3. Archived from the original on April 16, 2017 . Retrieved August 12, 2015.

According to the Siddhar tradition of Tamil Nadu, Confucius is one of the 18 esteemed Siddhars of yore, and is better known as Kalangi Nathar or Kamalamuni. [60] [61] [62] The Thyagaraja Temple in Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu is home to his Jeeva Samadhi. [63] Jing, Jun (1998). The Temple of Memories: History, Power, and Morality in a Chinese Village. Stanford University Press. p.26. ISBN 978-0-8047-6492-6. Archived from the original on 2015-10-17. Just as action according to lǐ should be adapted to conform to the aspiration of adhering to yì, so yì is linked to the core value of rén ( 仁). Rén consists of five basic virtues: seriousness, generosity, sincerity, diligence, and kindness. [44] Rén is the virtue of perfectly fulfilling one's responsibilities toward others, most often translated as "benevolence", "humaneness", or "empathy"; translator Arthur Waley calls it "Goodness" (with a capital G), and other translations that have been put forth include "authoritativeness" and "selflessness". Confucius's moral system was based upon empathy and understanding others, rather than divinely ordained rules. To develop one's spontaneous responses of rén so that these could guide action intuitively was even better than living by the rules of yì. Confucius asserts that virtue is a mean between extremes. For example, the properly generous person gives the right amount – not too much and not too little. [44] Politics Berger, Peter (February 15, 2012). "Is Confucianism a Religion?". The American Interest. Archived from the original on August 17, 2015 . Retrieved August 13, 2015. The Philosophers of the Warring States". Khan Academy. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30 . Retrieved 2023-04-30.Ahmad, Mirza Tahir (n.d.). "Confucianism". Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012 . Retrieved 7 November 2010. DNA Testing Adopted to Identify Confucius Descendants". China Internet Information Center. 19 June 2006. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012 . Retrieved 31 May 2009. Bonevac, Daniel; Phillips, Stephen (2009). Introduction to world philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515231-9. Often overlooked in Confucian ethics are the virtues to the self: sincerity and the cultivation of knowledge. Virtuous action towards others begins with virtuous and sincere thought, which begins with knowledge. A virtuous disposition without knowledge is susceptible to corruption, and virtuous action without sincerity is not true righteousness. Cultivating knowledge and sincerity is also important for one's own sake; the superior person loves learning for the sake of learning and righteousness for the sake of righteousness. [ citation needed] Hobson, John M. (2004). The Eastern origins of Western civilisation (Reprinteded.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-54724-6.