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C-130B FAC1011 (serial number 3585, ex 59–1535) preserved at the Colombian Air and Space Museum within CATAM AFB, Bogotá. [89]

Ada 95, C#, [5] C99, Carbon, Chapel, [6] Clojure, [7] D, Java, [8] JS++, [9] Lua, [10] Nim, [11] Objective-C++, Perl, PHP, Python, [12] Rust, [13] Seed7

After C++14, a major revision C++17, informally known as C++1z, was completed by the ISO C++ committee in mid July 2017 and was approved and published in December 2017. [43] ISO/IEC TS 19571:2016 [53] on the library extensions for concurrency, some of which are already integrated into C++20

Lippman, Stanley B.; Lajoie, Josée; Moo, Barbara E. (2011). C++ Primer (Fifthed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-321-71411-4. Stroustrup, Bjarne. "Open issues for The C++ Programming Language (3rd Edition)". Archived from the original on 5 May 2014 . Retrieved 5 May 2014. Stroustrup, Bjarne (2013). The C++ Programming Language. Addison Wesley. pp.363–365. ISBN 9780321563842. Everson, Michael; Baker, Peter; Emiliano, António; Grammel, Florian; Haugen, Odd Einar; Luft, Diana; Pedro, Susana; Schumacher, Gerd; Stötzner, Andreas (2006-01-30). "L2/06-027: Proposal to add Medievalist characters to the UCS" (PDF).

Stroustrup, Bjarne (2013). The C++ Programming Language. Addison Wesley. p.345. ISBN 9780321563842.

Inheritance allows one data type to acquire properties of other data types. Inheritance from a base class may be declared as public, protected, or private. This access specifier determines whether unrelated and derived classes can access the inherited public and protected members of the base class. Only public inheritance corresponds to what is usually meant by "inheritance". The other two forms are much less frequently used. If the access specifier is omitted, a "class" inherits privately, while a "struct" inherits publicly. Base classes may be declared as virtual; this is called virtual inheritance. Virtual inheritance ensures that only one instance of a base class exists in the inheritance graph, avoiding some of the ambiguity problems of multiple inheritance. Everson, Michael (2005-08-12). "L2/05-193R2: Proposal to add Claudian Latin letters to the UCS" (PDF).Abrahams, David; Gurtovoy, Aleksey (2005). C++ Template Metaprogramming: Concepts, Tools, and Techniques from Boost and Beyond. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-321-22725-5. Variable pointers and references to a base class type in C++ can also refer to objects of any derived classes of that type. This allows arrays and other kinds of containers to hold pointers to objects of differing types (references cannot be directly held in containers). This enables dynamic (run-time) polymorphism, where the referred objects can behave differently, depending on their (actual, derived) types. include #include #include int main () { try { std :: vector < int > vec { 3 , 4 , 3 , 1 }; int i { vec . at ( 4 )}; // Throws an exception, std::out_of_range (indexing for vec is from 0-3 not 1-4) } // An exception handler, catches std::out_of_range, which is thrown by vec.at(4) catch ( const std :: out_of_range & e ) { std :: cerr << "Accessing a non-existent element: " << e . what () << '\n' ; } // To catch any other standard library exceptions (they derive from std::exception) catch ( const std :: exception & e ) { std :: cerr << "Exception thrown: " << e . what () << '\n' ; } // Catch any unrecognised exceptions (i.e. those which don't derive from std::exception) catch (...) { std :: cerr << "Some fatal error \n " ; } }

It should provide facilities for organising programs into separate, well-defined parts, and provide facilities for combining separately developed parts. a b Peter Seibel (16 September 2009). Coders at Work: Reflections on the Craft of Programming. Apress. pp.475–476. ISBN 978-1-4302-1948-4. Archived from the original on 1 December 2019 . Retrieved 9 November 2017. Sihler, Andrew L. (1995). New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (illustrateded.). New York: Oxford University Press. p.21. ISBN 0-19-508345-8. C++ IS schedule" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2020 . Retrieved 9 August 2020.a b Stroustrup, Bjarne. "Evolving a language in and for the real world: C++ 1991-2006" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 November 2007 . Retrieved 14 August 2013. LLVM Coding Standards". LLVM 9 documentation. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019 . Retrieved 25 June 2019. Re: [RFC] Convert builin-mailinfo.c to use The Better String Library" (Mailing list). 6 September 2007. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021 . Retrieved 31 March 2015. As of December2022 [update] C++ ranked third on the TIOBE index, surpassing Java for the first time in the history of the index. It ranks 3rd, after Python and C. [31] Etymology [ edit ]