Repel 100 Insect Repellent, Pump Spray, 4-Fluid Ounces, 10-Hour Protection

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EWG’s science review concluded that although DEET certainly isn’t perfect, its safety profile is actually better than a lot of people think. Given that DEET is highly effective, reasonably safe and has been used billions of times, we concluded that it’s a reasonable choice when you need a repellent that really works.

Fradin MS, Day JF (July 2002). "Comparative efficacy of insect repellents against mosquito bites". The New England Journal of Medicine. 347 (1): 13–8. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011699. PMID 12097535. Re-evaluation Decision Document: Personal insect repellents containing DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and related compounds)" (PDF). Consumer Product Safety. Health Canada. 2002-04-15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2021 . Retrieved 2010-07-09. a b c d "Insect Repellent Use and Safety". West Nile Virus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2007-01-12. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. A 2008 study found that higher concentrations of DEET have an improved ability to repel insects through fabric. [16] Contraindications [ edit ] Health Canada to ban bug repellents with high concentrations of DEET". CBC. 24 April 2002 . Retrieved 7 August 2023.

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A slightly yellow liquid at room temperature, it can be prepared by converting m-toluic acid (3-methylbenzoic acid) to the corresponding acyl chloride using thionyl chloride (SOCl 2), and then allowing that product to react with diethylamine: [40] [41] History [ edit ] DEET is often sold and used in spray or lotion in concentrations up to 100%. [13] Consumer Reports found a direct correlation between DEET concentration and hours of protection against insect bites. 100% DEET was found to offer up to 12 hours of protection while several lower concentration DEET formulations (20–34%) offered 3–6 hours of protection. [ citation needed] Other research has corroborated the effectiveness of DEET. [14] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends 30–50% DEET to prevent the spread of pathogens carried by insects. [15] Mosquitoes are attracted to the “bouquet” of scents on your skin, according to Conor McMeniman, an entomologist and infectious disease expert at Johns Hopkins University. But there are some important caveats to keep in mind when considering that information. First, the dose the rodents received was much higher than any normal human dose, and those findings about low birth weight were not replicated in other rat studies. In fact, similar animal studies found no effects from deet on pregnancy. Second, in the human cases, it’s very difficult to know whether deet was the true culprit. What’s the one thing that’s most likely to spoil a sunny holiday above anything else? Mosquito bites. So, it’s a good idea to equip yourself with the best mosquito repellent before jetting off.

Adelaide Herbert, a dermatologist at UTHealth Houston, says DEET is considered safe for most adults, but ingesting large amounts has been linked to seizures. She adds that pregnant women and young children may want to find an alternative to DEET (she usually recommends picaridin to protect against mosquitoes). Not only can the itching drive you crazy and leave you covered in nasty, red-coloured bumps, but mosquito bites can come with more serious risks too. For instance, in tropical parts of the world, mosquitoes can carry diseases such as dengue, West Nile virus, malaria and yellow fever. In such cases, you’ll want to avoid mosquitoes at all costs.DEET may be measured in blood, plasma, or urine by gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to confirm a diagnosis of poisoning in hospitalized patients or to provide evidence in a medicolegal death investigation. Blood or plasma DEET concentrations are expected to be in a range of 0.3–3.0mg/L during the first 8 hours after dermal application in persons using the chemical appropriately, >6mg/L in intoxicated patients and >100mg/L in victims of acute intentional oral overdose. [25] [26] Overdose [ edit ] The balance of evidence indicates that deet is safe when used as directed. There are a few things to keep in mind when considering reports to the contrary. The smell of DEET is highly offensive to mosquitos who avoid the scent. Maximum protection is achieved at 30% DEET formulations, so there is no need to use a higher concentration like 100% DEET if you’re willing to apply it slightly more frequently. Product It’s true that there are few published studies that focus on the effects of deet in pregnant women or their offspring, and almost none that examine deet usage during the first trimester, when developing fetuses are most vulnerable. One thing most experts agree on is that citronella candles aren’t effective. Studies showed citronella candles and incense only decreased the chance of a bite by about 20 to 40 percent (DEET decreases these chances by more than 95 percent). Wind can also disperse or douse the candle’s flame, meaning mosquitos will come find you anyway, Markowski explains.

Zeiger E, Tice R, Brevard B (1999). "N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) [134-62-3] – Review of Toxicological Literature" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 9, 2012.Haleem ZM, Yadav S, Cushion ML, Tanner RJ, Carek PJ, Mainous AG (2020). "Exposure to N,N-Diethyl-Meta-Toluamide Insect Repellent and Human Health Markers: Population Based Estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 103 (2): 812–814. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0226. PMC 7410448. PMID 32458781. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) this repellent has been subjected to more scientific and toxicologic scrutiny than any other repellent substance. ... DEET has a remarkable safety profile after 40 years of use and nearly 8 billion human applications. Fewer than 50 cases of serious toxic effects have been documented in ... medical literature since 1960 ... Many of these cases of toxic effects involved long-term, heavy, frequent, or whole-body application of DEET. No correlation has been found between the concentration of DEET used and the risk of toxic effects. ... When applied with common sense, DEET-based repellents can be expected to provide a safe as well as a long-lasting repellent effect ... under circumstances in which it is crucial to be protected against arthropod bites that might transmit disease. A 2020 study performed by students within the University of Florida's College of Public Health and Health Professions analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and identified 1,205 participants who had "DEET metabolic levels recorded at or above detection limits". They analyzed biomarkers related to systemic inflammation, immune, liver, and kidney functions, and found no "evidence that DEET exposure has any impact on the biomarkers identified." [24] Detection in body fluids [ edit ] Baselt RC (2014). Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man, 10th edition. Seal Beach, Ca.: Biomedical Publications. p.650. ISBN 978-0-9626523-9-4. IR3535 is also a good option if you want something completely odorless. It offers strong protection against mosquitos and other insects, but doesn’t last as long as DEET and picaridin, and it’s a bit harder to find in the U.S.