Horse Anatomy for Performance

Product Information

Wright, B. (March 29, 1999). "The Age of a Horse". Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. Government of Ontario. Archived from the original on January 20, 2010 . Retrieved 2009-10-21. Fuess, Theresa A. "Yes, The Shin Bone Is Connected to the Ankle Bone". Pet Column. University of Illinois. Archived from the original on September 9, 2006 . Retrieved 2008-04-05.

Haile, James; etal. (2009). "Ancient DNA reveals late survival of mammoth and horse in interior Alaska". PNAS. 106 (52): 22352–22357. Bibcode: 2009PNAS..10622352H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0912510106. PMC 2795395. PMID 20018740. the gallop, which averages 40 to 48 kilometres per hour (25 to 30mph), [86] but the world record for a horse galloping over a short, sprint distance is 70.76 kilometres per hour (43.97mph). [87] Prince, Eleanor F.; Gaydell M. Collier (1974). Basic Horsemanship: English and Western. New York: Doubleday. pp. 214–223. ISBN 0-385-06587-6. OCLC 873660.Horses are prey animals with a strong fight-or-flight response. Their first reaction to a threat is to startle and usually flee, although they will stand their ground and defend themselves when flight is impossible or if their young are threatened. [92] They also tend to be curious; when startled, they will often hesitate an instant to ascertain the cause of their fright, and may not always flee from something that they perceive as non-threatening. Most light horse riding breeds were developed for speed, agility, alertness and endurance; natural qualities that extend from their wild ancestors. However, through selective breeding, some breeds of horses are quite docile, particularly certain draft horses. [93] Horses fighting as part of herd dominance behaviour United States Equestrian Federation, Inc. Rule Book". United States Equestrian Federation. p.Rule WS 101. Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Vila, C.; etal. (2001). "Widespread Origins of Domestic Horse Lineages" (PDF). Science. 291 (5503): 474–477. Bibcode: 2001Sci...291..474V. doi: 10.1126/science.291.5503.474. PMID 11161199. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-13 . Retrieved 2009-03-17. Veterinary AnatomyofDomestic Mammals .Textbook and Colour Atlas. Edited by: Horst ErichKönig. Veterinarmedizinische Universität Wien, Austria

Height is not the sole criterion for distinguishing horses from ponies. Breed registries for horses that typically produce individuals both under and over 14.2hands (58inches, 147cm) consider all animals of that breed to be horses regardless of their height. [35] Conversely, some pony breeds may have features in common with horses, and individual animals may occasionally mature at over 14.2hands (58inches, 147cm), but are still considered to be ponies. [36] Horses exhibit a diverse array of coat colors and distinctive markings, described by a specialized vocabulary. Often, a horse is classified first by its coat color, before breed or sex. [42] Horses of the same color may be distinguished from one another by white markings, [43] which, along with various spotting patterns, are inherited separately from coat color. [44] Nuchal and supraspinous ligaments: the nuchal ligament attaches to the dorsal surface of the cervical vertebrae. Its dorsal section extends from the occipital protuberance of the skull (the poll) to the withers, then narrows to become the supraspinous ligament. It also connects the 2-7th cervical vertebrae to the 1-3rd thoracic vertebrae. Its main purpose is to support the head and allow it to be moved upward or downward. Depending on breed, management and environment, the modern domestic horse has a life expectancy of 25 to 30years. [7] Uncommonly, a few animals live into their 40s and, occasionally, beyond. [8] The oldest verifiable record was " Old Billy", a 19th-century horse that lived to the age of 62. [7] In modern times, Sugar Puff, who had been listed in Guinness World Records as the world's oldest living pony, died in 2007 at age 56. [9] a b "Introduction to Coat Color Genetics". Veterinary Genetics Laboratory. University of California. Archived from the original on 2017-10-10 . Retrieved 2008-05-01.McDonnell, Sue (June 1, 2007). "In Living Color". The Horse. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27 . Retrieved 2007-07-27. You might know the anatomical features of male genital organs from horse anatomy. The testis is located in the prepubic region and ovoid, compressed side to side. The long axis of the testis is obliquely longitudinal. Lesté-Lasserre, Christa. "Horses Demonstrate Ability to Count in New Study". The Horse. Archived from the original on 2016-01-01 . Retrieved 2009-12-06. The skeletal system of the horse is a skeletal system of a horse that has three major functions in the body. It protects vital organs, provides framework, and supports soft parts of the body. Horses typically have 205 bones. The pelvic limb typically contains 19 bones, while the thoracic limb contains 20 bones. a b "The Evolution of Horses". The Horse. American Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 2013-01-28 . Retrieved 2008-07-09.

This is the summary of horse anatomy where I tried to provide valuable information. If you think you got a basic idea of the different organs system of a horse, then share this article with your friends who are also interested to learn horse anatomy. Howlett, Lorna; Philip Mathews (1979). Ponies in Australia. Milson's Point, NSW: Philip Mathews Publishers. p.14. ISBN 0-908001-13-4. Newby, Jonica; Diamond, Jared; Anthony, David (1999-11-13). "The Horse in History". The Science Show. Radio National. Archived from the original on 2013-01-19 . Retrieved 2012-01-04.Sesamoid bones: Bones embedded within a tendon. The horse's proximal digital sesamoids are simply called the "sesamoid bones" by horsemen, his distal digital sesamoid is referred to as the navicular bone. The horse of mare uterus is cylindrical and blunt at their cranial ends. Body of uterus located at abdominal cavity (partly in the pelvic cavity) and cylindrical, flattened dorsoventrally. The cervix is short, and the cervical canal is straight and simple. The endometrium is devoid of any cotyledon in the horse. There are 18 pairs of intercostal arteries in a horse. The celiac artery of horse mainly divides into three major branches – splenic artery, left gastric artery, and hepatic artery. There is no median sacral artery in horse. Horse hoof anatomy and skin features