Big Bear, Little Bear

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Kreiner, J. M.; Pribulla, T.; Tremko, J.; Stachowski, G. S.; Zakrzewski, B. (2008). "Period Analysis of Three Close Binary Systems: TW And, TT Her and W UMi". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 383 (#4): 1506–12. Bibcode: 2008MNRAS.383.1506K. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12652.x. Marking the Little Bear's tail, [16] Polaris, or Alpha Ursae Minoris, is the brightest star in the constellation, varying between apparent magnitudes 1.97 and 2.00 over a period of 3.97days. [24] Located around 432 light-years away from Earth, [25] it is a yellow-white supergiant that varies between spectral types F7Ib and F8Ib, [24] and has around 6times the Sun's mass, 2,500times its luminosity, and 45times its radius. Polaris is the brightest Cepheid variable star visible from Earth. It is a triple star system, the supergiant primary star having two yellow-white main-sequence star companions that are 17 and 2,400 astronomical units (AU) distant and take 29.6 and 42,000years respectively to complete one orbit. [26] Brown (1899) suggested a non-Greek origin of the name (a loan from an Assyrian An‑nas-sur‑ra "high-rising"). [14]

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In the Babylonian star catalogues, Ursa Minor was known as the "Wagon of Heaven" ( MULMAR.GÍD.DA.AN.NA, also associated with the goddess Damkina). It is listed in the MUL.APIN catalogue, compiled around 1000BC, among the "Stars of Enlil"—that is, the northern sky. [5] Jenniskens, Peter (September 2012). "Mapping Meteoroid Orbits: New Meteor Showers Discovered". Sky & Telescope: 24. Döllinger, M. P.; Hatzes, A.P.; Pasquini, L.; Guenther, E. W.; Hartmann, M. (2009). "Planetary Companions around the K Giant Stars 11 Ursae Minoris and HD 32518". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 505 (3): 1311–17. arXiv: 0908.1753. Bibcode: 2009A&A...505.1311D. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/200911702. S2CID 9686080.Lee, B.-C.; Han, I.; Park, M.-G.; Mkrtichian, D.E.; Hatzes, A.P.; Kim, K.-M. (2014). "Planetary Companions in K giants β Cancri, μ Leonis, and β Ursae Minoris". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 566: 7. arXiv: 1405.2127. Bibcode: 2014A&A...566A..67L. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322608. S2CID 118631934. A67. NGC 3172 (also known as Polarissima Borealis) is a faint, magnitude-14.9 galaxy that happens to be the closest NGC object to the north celestial pole. [71] It was discovered by John Herschel in 1831. [72]

Big Bear, Little Bear by David Bedford | Goodreads

Polaris, the brightest star in the constellation, is a yellow-white supergiant and the brightest Cepheid variable star in the night sky, ranging in apparent magnitude from 1.97 to 2.00. Beta Ursae Minoris, also known as Kochab, is an aging star that has swollen and cooled to become an orange giant with an apparent magnitude of 2.08, only slightly fainter than Polaris. Kochab and 3rd-magnitude Gamma Ursae Minoris have been called the "guardians of the pole star" or "Guardians of The Pole". [3] Planets have been detected orbiting four of the stars, including Kochab. The constellation also contains an isolated neutron star— Calvera—and H1504+65, the hottest white dwarf yet discovered, with a surface temperature of 200,000 K. a b Otero, Sebastian Alberto (4 December 2007). "Alpha Ursae Minoris". The International Variable Star Index. American Association of Variable Star Observers . Retrieved 16 May 2014.light-years away from Earth. [61] A faint object of magnitude 14, it was discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) in 2011. [62]