A Billion Years: My Escape from a Life in the Highest Ranks of Scientology

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Baadsgaard, H.; Lerbekmo, J.F.; Wijbrans, J.R., 1993. Multimethod radiometric age for a bentonite near the top of the Baculites reesidei Zone of southwestern Saskatchewan (Campanian-Maastrichtian stage boundary?). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v.30, p.769–775. a b Onyett, Isaac J.; etal. (14 June 2023). "Silicon isotope constraints on terrestrial planet accretion". Nature. 619 (7970): 539–544. Bibcode: 2023Natur.619..539O. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06135-z. PMC 10356600. PMID 37316662. S2CID 259161680. The James Webb Space Telescope is the world’s premier space science observatory. Webb will solve mysteries in our solar system, look beyond to distant worlds around other stars, and probe the mysterious structures and origins of our universe and our place in it. Webb is an international program led by NASA with its partners, ESA (European Space Agency) and CSA (Canadian Space Agency).

Powell, James Lawrence, 2001, Mysteries of Terra Firma: the Age and Evolution of the Earth, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-684-87282-X Paul J. Nahin (1985) Oliver Heaviside, Fractional Operators, and the Age of the Earth, IEEE Transactions on Education E-28(2): 94–104, link from IEEE Explore Further information: Evolution of tetrapods Tiktaalik, a fish with limb-like fins and a predecessor of tetrapods. Reconstruction from fossils about 375million years old. Hedman, Matthew (2007). "9: Meteorites and the Age of the Solar System". The Age of Everything. University of Chicago Press. pp.142–162. ISBN 9780226322940. Archived from the original on 2018-02-14.Canup, R.M.; Asphaug, E. (2001). "Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation". Nature. 412 (6848): 708–712. Bibcode: 2001Natur.412..708C. doi: 10.1038/35089010. PMID 11507633. S2CID 4413525. Rutherford assumed that the rate of decay of radium as determined by Ramsay and Soddy was accurate, and that helium did not escape from the sample over time. Rutherford's scheme was inaccurate, but it was a useful first step. Burchfield, Joe D. (1990-05-15). Lord Kelvin and the Age of the Earth. University of Chicago Press. pp.69 ff. ISBN 9780226080437. Archived from the original on 2018-02-14. Liu, Lin-Gun (1992). "Chemical composition of the Earth after the giant impact". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 57 (2): 85–97. Bibcode: 1992EM&P...57...85L. doi: 10.1007/BF00119610. S2CID 120661593. a b P. Goldreich; W.R. Ward (1973). "The Formation of Planetesimals". Astrophysical Journal. 183: 1051–1062. Bibcode: 1973ApJ...183.1051G. doi: 10.1086/152291.

Borenstein, Seth (November 13, 2013). "Oldest fossil found: Meet your microbial mom". Excite. Yonkers, NY: Mindspark Interactive Network. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 29, 2015 . Retrieved 2015-03-02. ) NASA Headquarters oversees the mission for the agency’s Science Mission Directorate. NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, manages Webb for the agency and oversees work on the mission performed by the Space Telescope Science Institute, Northrop Grumman, and other mission partners. In addition to Goddard, several NASA centers contributed to the project, including the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston; Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Southern California; Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama; Ames Research Center in California’s Silicon Valley; and others.The ability to control fire probably began in Homo erectus (or Homo ergaster), probably at least 790,000years ago [192] but perhaps as early as 1.5Ma. [126] :67 The use and discovery of controlled fire may even predate Homo erectus. Fire was possibly used by the early Lower Paleolithic ( Oldowan) hominid Homo habilis or strong australopithecines such as Paranthropus. [193] A reconstruction of human history based on fossil data. [194] Bleeker, W.; Davis, B.W. (May 2004). What is a craton?. Spring meeting. American Geophysical Union. Bibcode: 2004AGUSM.T41C..01B. T41C-01. a b c Gale, Joseph (2009). Astrobiology of Earth: the emergence, evolution, and future of life on a planet in turmoil. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920580-6.

Kump, Lee R. (2010). The earth system. James F. Kasting, Robert G. Crane (3rded.). San Francisco: Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-321-59779-3. OCLC 268789401. Kunin, W.E.; Gaston, Kevin, eds. (1996). The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare–common differences. Springer. ISBN 978-0-412-63380-5 . Retrieved 26 May 2015. The Paleozoic ("old life") era was the first and longest era of the Phanerozoic eon, lasting from 538.8 to 251.9Ma. [106] During the Paleozoic, many modern groups of life came into existence. Life colonized the land, first plants, then animals. Two major extinctions occurred. The continents formed at the break-up of Pannotia and Rodinia at the end of the Proterozoic slowly moved together again, forming the supercontinent Pangaea in the late Paleozoic. [149] Fuller, J. G. C. M. (2007-07-17). "Smith's other debt, John Strachey, William Smith and the strata of England 1719–1801". Geoscientist. The Geological Society. Archived from the original on 24 November 2008 . Retrieved 2008-12-19. Luisi, P.L.; Ferri, F. & Stano, P. (2006). "Approaches to semi-syntheticLindsey, Rebecca; Morrison, David; Simmon, Robert (March 1, 2006). "Ancient crystals suggest earlier ocean". Earth Observatory. NASA . Retrieved April 18, 2012. Rutherford, E. (1906). Radioactive Transformations. London: Charles Scribner's Sons. Reprinted by Juniper Grove (2007) ISBN 978-1-60355-054-3. Archaeans, bacteria, and eukaryotes continued to diversify and to become more complex and better adapted to their environments. Each domain repeatedly split into multiple lineages. Around 1.1 Ga, the plant, animal, and fungi lines had split, though they still existed as solitary cells. Some of these lived in colonies, and gradually a division of labor began to take place; for instance, cells on the periphery might have started to assume different roles from those in the interior. Although the division between a colony with specialized cells and a multicellular organism is not always clear, around 1billion years ago [130], the first multicellular plants emerged, probably green algae. [131] Possibly by around 900 Ma [126] :488 true multicellularity had also evolved in animals. [132] a b c d Kasting, James F.; Catling, David (2003). "Evolution of a habitable planet". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 41 (1): 429–463. Bibcode: 2003ARA&A..41..429K. doi: 10.1146/annurev.astro.41.071601.170049.