After the Romanovs: Russian exiles in Paris between the wars

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Sokolov, Nikolai A. (1925). Ubiistvo Tsarskoi Sem'i (Убийство царской семьи). Berlin: Slowo-Verlag. p. 191. Peter I declared himself emperor of the newly formed Russian Empire in 1721, a position he held until his death in 1725. Catherine the Great As the Bolsheviks gathered strength, the government moved Nicholas, Alexandra, and their daughter Maria to Yekaterinburg under the direction of Vasily Yakovlev in April 1918. Alexei, who had severe haemophilia, was too ill to accompany his parents and remained with his sisters Olga, Tatiana, and Anastasia, not leaving Tobolsk until May. The family was imprisoned with a few remaining retainers in Yekaterinburg's Ipatiev House, which was designated The House of Special Purpose ( Russian: Дом Особого Назначения): There was also an assassination attempt made on Lenin in 1918 by Fanya Kaplan, a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Massie (2012). The Romanovs: The Final Chapter. Random House Publishing. pp.3–24. ISBN 978-0307873866.

Yekaterinburg fell to the anti-communist White Army on July 25, 1918, and the Sokolov Commission was established to investigate the deaths of the Romanovs. A crowd at the Ipatiev Monastery imploring Mikhail Romanov's mother to let him go to Moscow and become their tsar ( Illumination from a book dated 1673). After the revolution, civil war between the Bolshevik “Red” army and the anti-Bolshevik “White” Russian forces broke out in June. By July, the White army was advancing on Yekaterinburg. After the bodies were exhumed in June 1991, [18] they remained in laboratories until 1998, while there was a debate as to whether they should be reburied in Yekaterinburg or St. Petersburg. A commission eventually chose St. Petersburg. The remains were transferred with full military honor guard and accompanied by members of the Romanov family from Yekaterinburg to St. Petersburg. In St. Petersburg remains of the imperial family were moved by a formal military honor guard cortege from the airport to St Petersburg’s Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral where they (along with several loyal servants who were killed with them) were interred in a special chapel near the tombs of their ancestors. At the cathedral, the remaining Romanov family hosted a formal funeral for Tsar Nicholas II attended by many relatives and representatives from nations worldwide

Rappaport, Helen (2018). The Race to Save the Romanoffs. New York: St Martin’s Press. ISBN 978-1-250-15121-6.

a b Plotnikov, I (2003). "About the team of the executioners of the royal family and its ethnic composition" О команде убийц царской семьи и ее национальном составе. Ural Magazine (in Russian). No.9. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015 . Retrieved 21 February 2021. The famine largely affected the Volga and Ural River regions and conditions got so bad, that some peasants restored to cannibalism.The Romanovs' fortunes again changed dramatically with the fall of the Godunov dynasty in June 1605. As a former leader of the anti-Godunov party and cousin of the last legitimate tsar, Filaret Romanov's recognition was sought by several impostors who attempted to claim the Rurikid legacy and throne during the Time of Troubles. False Dmitriy I made him a metropolitan, and False Dmitriy II raised him to the dignity of patriarch. Upon the expulsion of the Polish army from Moscow in 1612, the Zemsky Sobor offered the Russian crown to several Rurikid and Gediminian princes, but all declined the honour. [4] Geneticists used a combination of autosomal STR and mtDNA sequencing to detect relationships between the family members' remains. Using a DNA sample from Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, a distant cousin of Alexandra, scientists matched his DNA to her and her children’s remains found in the mass grave. The investigation concluded that Alexei and one Romanov daughter were missing. Experts continue to debate which daughter was missing from the grave as United States experts believe the missing child is Anastasia while Russian experts believe it to be Maria. [17] Many [ who?] believe that the two children that were not discovered in the grave managed to escape Russia before persecution. [ citation needed] Children of Czar Nicholas II of Russia: Grand Duchesses Olga (1895-1918) Tatiana (1897-1918), Anastasia (1901-1918) and Maria (1899-1918) and the Tsarevich Alexei (1904-1918). The Russian Orthodox Church disputes the identification even as DNA tests confirm it