BOZONLI M18 Lengthen Hex Bolt - Fully Threaded Setscrew Stainless Steel Mechanical Bolts M18×30mm,1 pcs

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For full table with more Property Classes - rotate the screen! Metric Bolts - Fine Threads -Proof Loads Thread A set screw fastens materials together by twisting it directly through the last component, into a pre-threaded hole, pulling everything together. A shoulder bolt fastens materials by passing them through pre drilled holes in the adjoining materials and cramping them between the head at one end and a nut on the other. Additional washers are often used to spread the load further. A set screw is fully threaded from underneath the head and a bolt is partially threaded (has a part-plain shank). A bolt is used when you know the length you need and a set screw can be used as a bolt if you need more flexibility in the length. The tensile stress area A s corresponds to the reduced cross-sectional area inside the threaded part of the bolt. Minimum and maximum spacing p 1, p 2 and edge distances e 1, e 2 for bolts are given in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.3. The minimum values are: e 1≥ 1.2 d 0, e 2≥ 1.2 d 0, p 1≥ 2.2 d 0, p 2≥ 2.4 d 0, where d 0 is the diameter of the hole, e 1, p 1 are measured parallel to the load transfer direction and e 2, p 2 are measured perpendicular to the load transfer direction.

Metric Threads are measured in Millimetres (mm) units and were developed to simplify the imperial systems. Europe moved to this system but the Americans choose Imperial as their default. A coarse thread has less helical coils per mm and a fine one has more. Coarse is used for heavier loads and fine is used for lighter loads prone to vibrations. The defined diameter of metric bolts is actually slightly larger than the actual diameter of the bolt shaft. So an M8 bolt would have a shaft diameter that’s slightly under 8mm which means that the bolt should fit through an 8mm hole. But it’s common practice to drill clearance holes that are slightly larger to allow for misalignment. The calculated strength properties for coarse pitch thread bolts may be used conservatively for fine pitch thread bolts.

Milwaukee Systems

The number 1.0 is the thread pitch of the bolt, which is the distance between threads, in millimeters. The design resistance of a group of fasteners may be taken as the sum of the design bearing resistances F b,Rd of the individual fasteners provided that the shear resistance F v,Rd of each individual fastener is greater than or equal to the design bearing resistance F b,Rd. Otherwise the design resistance of a group of fasteners should be taken as the number of fasteners multiplied by the smallest design resistance of any of the individual fasteners as specified in EN1993-1-8 § 3.7(1). For this case elastic linear distribution of internal forces should be used as specified in EN1993-1-8 §3.12. The width of the hexagon nuts across flats s is specified in ISO 898-2 Table A.1 for bolt sizes M5 to M39. The nominal gross area A g corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the unthreaded part of the bolt:

The first number of the bolt class corresponds to the ultimate strength e.g. 400 MPa for classes 4.x, 500 MPa for classes 5.x, 600 MPa for classes 6.x, 800 MPa for classes 8.x, and 1000 MPa for classes 10.x. The following table provides examples of clearance hole sizes, standard or coarse thread pitches along with fine thread pitches and their corresponding tapping hole sizes. Metric clearance and tapping drill hole sizes. SizeIn general the stress area of fine pitch thread bolts passing through the threaded part is larger as compared to the coarse pitch thread bolts. For full table with more Property Classes - rotate the screen! Metric Bolts - Fine Threads - Minimum Ultimate Tensile Loads Thread Proof load is defined as the maximum tensile force that can be applied to a bolt that will not result in plastic deformation. A material must remain in its elastic region when loaded up to its proof load typically between 85-95% of the yield strength. Acceptable clamp load is typically 75% of proof load. For full table with more Property Classes - rotate the screen! Metric Bolts - Coarse Threads - Proof Loads Thread

The punching resistance of the bolt B p,Rd should be verified against the applied tensile load F t,Ed in accordance with EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4: According to EN1993-1-8 § 3.8(1) for long joints where the distance between the centers of the end fasteners measured in the direction of load transfer is more than 15 d the design shear resistance F v,Rd of all the fasteners should be multiplied by the reduction factor β Lf specified in EN1993-1-8 equation 3.5. For preloaded bolted connections which are slip-resistant at the Serviceability Limit State or the Ultimate Limit State the corresponding shear load F v,Ed should not exceed the design slip resistance as specified in EN1993-1-8 §3.9 and Table 3.2. Only bolt assemblies of classes 8.8 and 10.9 may be used as preloaded bolts. According to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 the shear strength of the bolt may be based on the tensile stress area.Therefore, based on the equations above, the bearing resistance of the bolt F b,Rd is not affected by the distances e 1, p 1, e 2, p 2 when the following conditions are satisfied: For typical coarse pitch thread bolts the standard sizes are: M3, M3.5, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M10, M12, M14, M16, M18, M20, M22, M24, M27, M30, M33, M36, M39. A is the appropriate area for shear resistance. When the shear plane passes through the threaded part of the bolt A is equal to the tensile stress area of the bolt A s. When the shear plane passes through the unthreaded part of the bolt A is equal to the gross cross-sectional area of the bolt A g. Ultimate Tensile and Proof loads for metric bolts according ISO 898-1 "Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs with specified property classes — Coarse thread and fine pitch thread". The yield strength f yb and the ultimate tensile strength f ub for bolt classes 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, and 10.9 are given in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.1.