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For example, sodium metaperiodate, NaIO 4, can be synthesised from HIO 4 while sodium orthoperiodate, Na 5IO 6 can be synthesised from H 5IO 6.

This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin.Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3′-termini of RNA ( ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.

It can combine with a number of counter ions to form periodates, which may also be regarded as the salts of periodic acid. This can be useful in determining the structure of carbohydrates as periodic acid can be used to open saccharide rings.Further heating to around 150°C gives iodine pentoxide ( I 2O 5) rather than the expected anhydride diiodine heptoxide ( I 2O 7). Orthoperiodic acid forms monoclinic crystals ( space group P2 1/ n) consisting of a slightly deformed IO 6 octahedron interlinked via bridging hydrogens. This is commercially available, but can also be produced by the oxidation of iodates with chlorine and sodium hydroxide.

F. Holleman; continued by Egon Wiberg; translated by Mary Eagleson, William Brewer; revised by Bernhard J. Crystal Structure Determination of Metaperiodic Acid, HIO 4, with Combined X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction". Metaperiodic acid can also be prepared from various orthoperiodates by treatment with dilute nitric acid.

Periodic acid ( / ˌ p ɜːr aɪ ˈ ɒ d ɪ k/ per-eye- OD-ik) is the highest oxoacid of iodine, in which the iodine exists in oxidation state +7.