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Popping Culture

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As pacifists, [nb 1] the Shakers did not believe that it was acceptable to kill or harm others, even in time of war. During the American Civil War, both Union and Confederate soldiers found their way to the Shaker communities. Shakers tended to sympathize with the Union but they did feed and care for both Union and Confederate soldiers. President Lincoln exempted Shaker males from military service, and they became some of the first conscientious objectors in American history.

Green, Calvin; Seth Youngs Wells; Richard McNemar (1834). A brief exposition of the established principles and regulations of the United Society of believers, called Shakers. Elder Ebenezer Bishop (1768–1849), Elder Rufus Bishop (1774–1852), Eldress Ruth Landon (1775–1850), Eldress Asenath Clark (1821–1857). [28] Education [ edit ] A Shaker School, The Communistic Societies of the United States, by Charles Nordhoff, 1875 Thompson, Edward Palmer (1980) [1963]. "Christian and Apollyon". The Making of the English Working Class. IICA. p.48. Dyer, Mary Marshall (1818). A brief statement of the sufferings of Mary Dyer, occasioned by the society called Shakers. Written by herself. To which is added, affidavits and certificates; also, a declaration from their own publication ... Boston: William S. Spear.Murray Pomerance is an independent Canadian film scholar and author living in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and adjunct professor in the School of Media and Communication at RMIT University, Melbourne.

D'Ann Campbell, "Women's Life in Utopia: The Shaker Experiment in Sexual Equality Reappraised – 1810 to 1860." New England Quarterly Vol. 51, No. 1 (Mar. 1978), pp. 23–38. JSTOR 364589. After Joseph Meacham died, Lucy Wright continued Ann Lee's missionary tradition. Shaker missionaries proselytized at revivals, not only in New England and New York but also farther west. Missionaries such as Issachar Bates and Benjamin Seth Youngs (older brother of Isaac Newton Youngs) gathered hundreds of proselytes into the faith. [3] :55,110 When Shaker youths, girls and boys, reached the age of 21, they were free to leave or to remain with the Shakers. Unwilling to remain celibate, many chose to leave; today there are thousands of descendants of Shaker-raised seceders. [42] Gender roles [ edit ] William Paul Childers, Shaker Costume, c. 1937. Image from collection of National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.Glendyne R. Wergland, One Shaker Life: Isaac Newton Youngs, 1793–1865 (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2006), chapter 2; Glendyne R. Wergland, Sisters in the Faith: Shaker Women and Equality of the Sexes (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2011), chapter 4. Daniel W. Patterson, Gift Drawing and Gift Song (Sabbathday Lake, Me.: United Society of Shakers, 1983); Daniel W. Patterson, The Shaker Spiritual (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1979). Roger L. Hall, Love is Little – A Sampling of Shaker Spirituals (Rochester, NY: Sampler Records, 1992); Roger Lee Hall, Simple Gifts: Great American Folk Song (Stoughton, MA: PineTree Press, 2014).

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