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Caroboo – Creamy Coconut Choco Bar | Caffeine-free and Vegan Carob Choco | 20 x 35g Choco Bars…

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The boreal woodland caribou was designated as Threatened in 2002 by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). [15] Environment Canada reported in 2011 that there were approximately 34,000 boreal woodland caribou in 51 ranges remaining in Canada.( Environment Canada, 2011b). [16] In a joint report by the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS) and the David Suzuki Foundation, on the status of boreal woodland caribou, it was claimed that "the biggest risk to caribou is industrial development, which fragments their habitat and exposes them to greater predation. Scientists consider only 30% (17 of 57) of Canada’s boreal woodland caribou populations to be self-sustaining." [3] [4] Additionally, it was observed that the caribou “… are extremely sensitive to both natural (such as forest fires) and human disturbances, and to habitat damage and fragmentation brought about by resource exploration, road building, and other human activities. New forest growth (following destruction of vegetation) provides habitat and food for other ungulates, which in turn attracts more predators, putting pressure on woodland caribou." [11]

Marino: The Videos DVD (2005) 16 videos for 'Up In Flames' (8), and 'Milk Of Human Kindness' (8), and 'The Milk Of Human Kindness (Story Edit)' featurette.According to the 2019 Species at Risk Act (SARA), while caribou and reindeer were the same species — Rangifer tarandus — there are differences. The term "Caribou" refers to the "various subspecies present in North America" and the term "reindeer" is used to describe the "domesticated, semi-domesticated or wild subspecies found in Eurasia." [31] [32] [b] Some reindeer have been introduced to North America. [32] Woodland caribou, a rather large subspecies, is a medium-sized ungulate which inhabits boreal and subarctic environments and exhibits "tremendous variation in ecology, genetics, behavior and morphology." A distinctive characteristic of all caribou is large crescent-shaped hooves that change shape with the season and that are adapted to walking in snow-covered and soft ground such as swamps and peat lands and assist in digging through snow to forage on lichens and other ground vegetation. [12] [33] The subspecies ecotype, boreal woodland caribou, have a shoulder height of approximately 1.0-1.2 m shoulder height and weigh 110–210kg (242–462lbs). [33] Polfus JL, Manseau M, Klütsch CFC, Simmons D, Wilson PJ (2017) Ancient diversification in glacial refugia leads to intraspecific diversity in a Holarctic mammal. Journal of Biogeography 44: 386-396. Thomas, D.C.; Gray, D.R. (2002). Update COSEWIC status report on the woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou in Canada (Report). Ottawa, Ontario: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. a b McNay, R. Scott (2011), "Silviculture options for use in ranges designated for the conservation of northern caribou in British Columbia" (PDF), BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management, 12 (2) , retrieved 2014-10-20

Approximate range of boreal woodland caribou in 2003. Overlap with other subspecies of caribou is possible for contiguous range. 1. Rangifer tarandus caribou, which is subdivided into ecotypes: woodland (boreal), woodland (migratory) and woodland (mountain), 2. R. t. dawsoni (extinct 1908), 3. R. t. groenlandicus, 4. R. t. groenlandicus, 5. R. t. groenlandicus, 6. R. t. pearyi In Manitoba there are several small populations including the MB1 The Bog (a small, local population), MB2 Kississing (a small, local population), MB3 Naosap, MB4 Reed, MB5 North Interlake (a small, local population), MB6 William Lake (a small, local population), MB7 Wabowden, MB8 Wapisu, MB9 Manitoba North, MB10 Manitoba South, MB11 Manitoba East, MB12 Atikaki-Berens and MB13 Owl-Flinstone (a small local population). [71] Ontario [ edit ] a b "Woodland Caribou: Rangifer tarandus" (PDF), Department of Environment & Conservation, Wildlife Division, 2009, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-26 , retrieved 2014-01-14 In Saskatchewan the boreal woodland caribou are in what is called the SK1 Boreal Shield, an area with very low anthropogenic disturbance, but very high fire disturbance. [71] Manitoba [ edit ]

Caribou FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) 

Ornstein, Robert Evan; Ehrlich, Paul R. (1989), "Managing a world long gone: the old mind in politics, the environment, and war" (PDF), New World New Mind: Moving Toward Conscious Evolution, New York: Doubleday, archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-20

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