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Possessed by Ghosts: Exorcisms in the 21st Century

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Sutherland, Gail Hinich (2013). "Demons and the Demonic in Buddhism". Oxford Bibliographies. doi: 10.1093/OBO/9780195393521-0171 . Retrieved 12 December 2019.

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Szombathy, Zoltan (2014). "Exorcism". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol.3. doi: 10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_26268. ISBN 9789004269637. Igreja & Dias-Lambranca (2008), pp.353–371. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFIgrejaDias-Lambranca2008 ( help) A belief in spirit possession appears among the Xesibe, a Xhosa-speaking people from Transkei, South Africa. The majority of the supposedly possessed are married women. The condition of spirit possession among them is called inwatso. Those who develop the condition of inwatso are regarded as having a special calling to divine the future. They are first treated with sympathy, and then with respect as they allegedly develop their abilities to foretell the future. [70]The Urapmin people of the New Guinea Highlands practice a form of group possession known as the "spirit disco" ( Tok Pisin: spirit disko). [112] Men and women gather in church buildings, dancing in circles and jumping up and down while women sing Christian songs; this is called "pulling the [Holy] spirit" ( Tok Pisin: pulim spirit, Urap: Sinik dagamin). [112] [113] The songs' melodies are borrowed from traditional women's songs sung at drum dances (Urap: wat dalamin), and the lyrics are typically in Telefol or other Mountain Ok languages. [113] If successful, some dancers will "get the spirit" (Tok Pisin: kisim spirit), flailing wildly and careening about the dance floor. [112] After an hour or more, those possessed will collapse, the singing will end, and the spirit disco will end with a prayer and, if there is time, a Bible reading and sermon. [112] The body is believed to normally be "heavy" (Urapmin: ilum) with sin, and possession is the process of the Holy Spirit throwing the sins from one's body, making the person "light" ( fong) again. [112] This is a completely new ritual for the Urapmin, who have no indigenous tradition of spirit-possession. [112] Micronesia [ edit ] Obsession, the following and outwardly torment of an individual at diverse hours to either weaken or cast diseases upon the body, as in the Book of Job. Wahlen, Clinton (2004). Jesus and the impurity of spirits in the Synoptic Gospels. p.19. The Jewish magical papyri and incantation bowls may also shed light on our investigation. However, the fact that all of these sources are generally dated from the third to fifth centuries and beyond requires us to exercise particular ... Quite often departed ancestors and negative energies influence or instigate situations on Earth. It is impossible for a person without an advanced sixth sense (and who is not familiar with affliction or possession by ghosts):

Possessed by Ghosts : Exorcisms in the 21 Century - Goodreads

Jinn are much more physical than spirits. [30] Due to their subtle bodies, which are composed of fire and air ( marijin min nar), they are purported to be able to possess the bodies of humans. Such physical intrusion of the jinn is conceptually different from the whisperings of the devils. [31] Since jinn are not necessarily evil, they are distinguished from cultural concepts of possession by devils/demons. [32]

The New Catholic Encyclopedia states, "Ecclesiastical authorities are reluctant to admit diabolical possession in most cases, because many can be explained by physical or mental illness alone. Therefore, medical and psychological examinations are necessary before the performance of major exorcism. The standard that must be met is that of moral certitude ( De exorcismis, 16). For an exorcist to be morally certain, or beyond reasonable doubt, that he is dealing with a genuine case of demonic possession, there must be no other reasonable explanation for the phenomena in question". [17] As a further remark, and from a more personal point of view, I find the article objectionable in that it promotes a view of schizophrenic people that those who suffer from, treat, or campaign about schizophrenia are still working hard to escape from; i.e. the view that schizophrenic people are in some sense less than human, or something other than ‘ill’. This is not to say that I think any article that promoted such a view would be unworthy of publication. An article that rigorously argues for an objectionable viewpoint is entitled to a place in academic literature (indeed, most academic publications fall into this category, from somebody’s point of view). But Irmak’s article does not rigorously argue for its controversial claim. Ong, Aihwa (February 1988). "the production of possession: spirits and the multinational corporation in Malaysia". American Ethnologist. 15 (1): 28–42. doi: 10.1525/ae.1988.15.1.02a00030. S2CID 30121345. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year ( link) In both charismatic and evangelical Christianity, exorcisms of demons are often carried out by individuals or groups belong to the deliverance ministries movement. [26] According to these groups, symptoms of such possessions can include chronic fatigue syndrome, homosexuality, addiction to pornography, and alcoholism. [27] The New Testament's description of people who had evil spirits includes a knowledge of future events (Acts 16:16) and great strength (Act 19:13-16), [7] among others, and shows that those with evil spirits can speak of Christ (Mark 3:7-11). [7] Some Evangelical denominations believe that demonic possession is not possible if one has already professed their faith in Christ, because the Holy Spirit already occupies the body and a demon cannot enter.

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Dart, Jon Anderson (1990). Dharmadasa, Karuna N.O.; De Alwis Samarasinghe, S.W.R. (eds.). The Vanishing aborigines: Sri Lanka's Veddas in transition. New Delhi: International Centre for Ethnic Studies in association with NORAD and Vikas Pub. House. p.83. ISBN 978-0706952988. Inability to meditate when Vital energy is reduced: For a person to meditate, concentration of the mind is a must. When the Vital energy is reduced, the mind does not have the energy to do anything. Hence meditation is also impossible. But nevertheless, there are overwhelming emotions and consequent fear, as this requires very little vital energy and the ghosts themselves generate these thoughts. 3. Mental distress and its symptoms The reduction in Vital energy is because it is utilized in fighting the ghosts. When it decreases below 30%, the person dies. The New Testament indicates that people can be possessed by demons, but that the demons respond and submit to Jesus Christ's authority: The infliction of demonic torment upon an individual has been chronicled in premodern Protestant literature. In 1597, King James discussed four methods of daemonic influence upon an individual in his book Daemonologie: [19]

The word exorcism derives from the Greek word for oath, "exousia." As religious studies scholar James R. Lewis explains in his book "Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion, Folklore, and Popular Culture," "To exorcise thus means something along the lines of placing the possessing spirit under oath — invoking a higher authority to compel the spirit — rather than an actual 'casting out.'" This becomes clear when the demonic entity is commanded to leave the person, not by the authority of a priest but instead, for example, "in the name of the Father, and the Son, and of the Holy Spirit."

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