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See also: List of Tour de France general classification winners and Yellow jersey statistics Fabian Cancellara pictured at the 2010 Tour de France. He is the rider who has worn the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification for the most days without having ever been the overall winner Torelli's History of the Tour de France: the 1930s or, All They Wanted To Do Was to Sell a Few More Newspapers". BikeRaceInfo.com . Retrieved 27 May 2007. a b c d e f g Christian, Sarah (2 July 2009). "Tour de France demystified— Evaluating success". RoadCycling. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013 . Retrieved 18 July 2013. Broadcasting in France was largely a state monopoly until 1982, when the socialist president François Mitterrand allowed private broadcasters and privatised the leading television channel. Competition between channels raised the broadcasting fees paid to the organisers from 1.5 per cent of the race budget in 1960 to more than a third by the end of the century. [144] Broadcasting time also increased as channels competed to secure the rights. The two largest channels to stay in public ownership, Antenne 2 and FR3, combined to offer more coverage than its private rival, TF1. The two stations, renamed France 2 and France 3, still hold the domestic rights and provide pictures for broadcasters around the world.

The 2006 Tour had been plagued by the Operación Puerto doping case before it began. Favourites such as Jan Ullrich and Ivan Basso were banned by their teams a day before the start. Seventeen riders were implicated. American rider Floyd Landis, who finished the Tour as holder of the overall lead, had tested positive for testosterone after he won stage 17, but this was not confirmed until some two weeks after the race finished. On 30 June 2008 Landis lost his appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, and Óscar Pereiro was named as winner. [183]

Common cycling phrases and what they mean

From 1999 to 2005, seven successive tours were declared as having been won by Lance Armstrong. [177] In August 2005, one month after Armstrong's seventh apparent victory, L'Équipe published documents it said showed Armstrong had used EPO in the 1999 race. [178] [179] At the same Tour, Armstrong's urine showed traces of a glucocorticosteroid hormone, although below the positive threshold. He said he had used skin cream containing triamcinolone to treat saddle sores. [180] Armstrong said he had received permission from the UCI to use this cream. [181] Further allegations ultimately culminated in the United States Anti Doping Agency ( USADA) disqualifying him from all his victories since 1 August 1998, including his seven consecutive Tour de France victories, and a lifetime ban from competing in professional sports. [182] The ASO declined to name any other rider as winner in Armstrong's stead in those years. I am a Drug Cheat and a Liar Says Former Rival of Cadel Evans". Sydney Morning Herald. 1 February 2013. a b "Règlement de l'épreuve et Liste des prix". Letour.fr. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010 . Retrieved 18 July 2009. On 24 May 2007, Erik Zabel admitted using EPO during the first week of the 1996 Tour, [184] when he won the points classification. Following his plea that other cyclists admit to drugs, former winner Bjarne Riis admitted in Copenhagen on 25 May 2007 that he used EPO regularly from 1993 to 1998, including when he won the 1996 Tour. [185] His admission meant the top three in 1996 were all linked to doping, two admitting cheating. On 24 July 2007 Alexander Vinokourov tested positive for a blood transfusion ( blood doping) after winning a time trial, prompting his Astana team to pull out and police to raid the team's hotel. [186] The next day Cristian Moreni tested positive for testosterone. His Cofidis team pulled out. [187] The Tour directors categorise mass-start stages into 'flat', 'hilly', or 'mountain'. [110] This affects the points awarded in the sprint classification, whether the 3 kilometer rule is operational [ clarification needed], and the permitted disqualification time in which riders must finish (which is the winners' time plus a pre-determined percentage of that time). [111] Time bonuses of 10, 6, and 4 seconds are awarded to the first three finishers, though this was not done from 2008 to 2014. [112] Bonuses were previously also awarded to winners of intermediate sprints.

Yesterday, I just tried to save as much energy as possible because I knew it would be really hard today, the first sprint stage. Everybody still has the legs so it's difficult to make a difference. In the end I think we did a perfect lead-out today." UCI Regulations" (2.6.011ed.). p.43. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011 . Retrieved 21 July 2009.L'Équipe alleges Armstrong samples show EPO use in 99 Tour". VeloNews. 23 August 2005. Archived from the original on 8 May 2008 . Retrieved 27 May 2007. The classification awarded no jersey to the leader until the 1975 Tour de France, when the organizers decided to award a distinctive white jersey with red dots to the leader. This is colloquially referred to in English as the "polka dot" jersey. [90] [92] The climbers' jersey is worn by the rider who, at the start of each stage, has the largest number of climbing points. [91] If the race leader is also leading the Mountains classification, the polka dot jersey will be worn by the next eligible rider in the Mountains standings. At the end of the Tour, the rider holding the most climbing points wins the classification. Some riders may race with the aim of winning this particular competition, while others who gain points early on may shift their focus to the classification during the race. The Tour has five categories for ranking the mountains the race covers. The scale ranges from category 4, the easiest, to hors catégorie, the hardest. During his career Richard Virenque won the mountains classification a record seven times. In October 2012, the United States Anti-Doping Agency released a report on doping by the U.S. Postal Service cycling team, implicating, amongst others, Armstrong. The report contained affidavits from riders including Frankie Andreu, Tyler Hamilton, George Hincapie, Floyd Landis, Levi Leipheimer, and others describing widespread use of Erythropoietin (EPO), blood transfusion, testosterone, and other banned practices in several Tours. [198] In October 2012 the UCI acted upon this report, formally stripping Armstrong of all titles since 1 August 1998, including all seven Tour victories, [199] and announced that his Tour wins would not be reallocated to other riders. [200]

Louison Bobet was the first great French rider of the post-war period and the first rider to win the Tour in three successive years, 1953, 1954 and 1955.

Tour de France Facts, Figures and Trivia". Gofrance.about.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2008 . Retrieved 4 November 2008.

Morris, Wesley (30 December 2005). " "Wired" is winning tour of race, brain". The Boston Globe . Retrieved 11 July 2008. The Tour has been won three times by racers who led the general classification on the first stage and holding the lead all the way to Paris. Maurice Garin did it during the Tour's first edition, 1903; he repeated the feat the next year, but the results were nullified by the officials as a response to widespread cheating. Ottavio Bottecchia completed a GC start-to-finish sweep in 1924. And in 1928, Nicolas Frantz held the GC for the entire race, and at the end, the podium consisted solely of members of his racing team. While no one has equalled this feat since 1928, four times a racer has taken over the GC lead on the second stage and carried that lead all the way to Paris. Jacques Anquetil predicted he would wear the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification from start to finish in 1961, which he did. That year, the first day had two stages, the first part from Rouen to Versailles and the second part from Versailles to Versailles. André Darrigade wore the yellow jersey after winning the opening stage but Anquetil was in yellow at the end of the day after the time trial. [211] Further measures were introduced by race organisers and the UCI, including more frequent testing and tests for blood doping ( transfusions and EPO use). This would lead the UCI to becoming a particularly interested party in an International Olympic Committee initiative, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), created in 1999. In 2002, the wife of Raimondas Rumšas, third in the 2002 Tour de France, was arrested after EPO and anabolic steroids were found in her car. Rumšas, who had not failed a test, was not penalised. In 2004, Philippe Gaumont said doping was endemic to his Cofidis team. Fellow Cofidis rider David Millar confessed to EPO after his home was raided. In the same year, Jesús Manzano, a rider with the Kelme team, alleged he had been forced by his team to use banned substances. [176] As of 2015 Jersey sponsor is Optician company Krys, [98] replacing Škoda who moved to the Green Jersey.The leading television commentator in France was a former rider, Robert Chapatte. At first he was the only commentator. He was joined in following seasons by an analyst for the mountain stages and by a commentator following the competitors by motorcycle.

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