Liquipak BAC 50 - Benzalkonium Chloride Concentrated 5L

Product Information

The trimethyl amine group in dimethylbenzylamine can be cleaved to form a benzyl that can be further oxidized to benzoic acid. Benzalkonium chlorides were reported for the first time in 1935 by Gerhard Domagk, gaining the market as zephiran chlorides, and were marketed as promising and superior disinfectants and antiseptics. Enzymes, which finely control a wide range of respiratory and metabolic cellular activities, are particularly susceptible to deactivation. This is done by abstracting the hydrogen from the alkyl chain by using a hydroxyl radical leading to a carbon centered radical.

Utilisation et sources d'émission: Germicide, agent antiseptique; Quaternary ammonium compounds, alkylbenzyldimethyl, chlorides International Programme on Chemical Safety, Poisons Information Monograph (PIMs) - Benzalkonium Chloride Formulation techniques have been used to great effect in enhancing the virucidal activity of quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants such as Virucide 100 to typical healthcare infection hazards such as hepatitis and HIV.[citation needed] Its biocidal efficacy depends on its capacity to act as a cationic surfactant in binding to and disrupting cellular and intracellular membranes, and associated biochemical processes. Only a few medicinal products containing benzalkonium chloride are intended for other routes of administrations i.e. cutaneous, oral, oromucosal, rectal, vaginal, auricular and parenteral use.

With perhaps the exception of countries that adopted stricter regulations toward Benzalkonium chloride use, discussed in the next section, the potential use of BACs is likely on the rise. Benzalkonium chloride was deferred from further rulemaking in the 2019 FDA Final Rule on safety and effectiveness of consumer hand sanitizers, "to allow for the ongoing study and submission of additional safety and effectiveness data necessary to make a determination" on whether it met these criteria for use in OTC hand sanitizers, but the agency indicated it did not intend to take action to remove benzalkonium chloride-based hand sanitizers from the market. Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound used in pharmaceutical formulations as an antimicrobial preservative in applications similar to other cationic surfactants.

A comprehensive list of uses includes industrial applications. An advantage of benzalkonium chloride, not shared by ethanol-based antiseptics or hydrogen peroxide antiseptic, is that it does not cause a burning sensation when applied to broken skin.Similar to Gram-negative and myco- bacteria, additional impermeability layers of complex spore coat(s) hinders the permeability and activity of BACs. CAS RN: 68607-20-5; Chemical Name: Quaternary ammonium compounds, benzyl-C16-18-alkyldimethyl,chlorides; Synonyms: benzyl-C16-18 -alkyldimethylammonium chlorides Occupational exposure to benzalkonium chloride has been linked to the development of asthma. [35] In 2011, a large clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of hand sanitizers based on different active ingredients in preventing virus transmission amongst schoolchildren was re-designed to exclude sanitizers based on benzalkonium chloride due to safety concerns. [36] Benzalkonium chloride is classed as a Category III antiseptic active ingredient by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Ingredients are categorized as Category III when "available data are insufficient to classify as safe and effective, and further testing is required”. The greatest biocidal activity is associated with the C12 dodecyl and C14 myristyl alkyl derivatives. The mechanism of bactericidal/ microbicidal action is thought to be due to disruption of intermolecular interactions. This can cause dissociation of cellular membrane lipid bilayers, which compromises cellular permeability controls and induces leakage of cellular contents. Other biomolecular complexes within the bacterial cell can also undergo dissociation. Enzymes, which finely control a wide range of respiratory and metabolic cellular activities, are particularly susceptible to deactivation. Critical intermolecular interactions and tertiary structures in such highly specific biochemical systems can be readily disrupted by cationic surfactants. [ citation needed]

García, MR; Cabo, ML (June 2018). "Optimization of E. coli Inactivation by Benzalkonium Chloride Reveals the Importance of Quantifying the Inoculum Effect on Chemical Disinfection". Frontiers in Microbiology. 9: 1259. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01259. PMC 6028699. PMID 29997577. FDA issues final rule on safety and effectiveness of consumer hand sanitizers". United States Food and Drug Administration . Retrieved 23 March 2020. Newer formulations using benzalkonium blended with various quaternary ammonium derivatives can be used to extend the biocidal spectrum and enhance the efficacy of benzalkonium based disinfection products. [ citation needed] Formulation techniques have been used to great effect in enhancing the virucidal activity of quaternary ammonium-based disinfectants such as Virucide 100 to typical healthcare infection hazards such as hepatitis and HIV. [ citation needed] The use of appropriate excipients can also greatly enhance the spectrum, performance and detergency, and prevent deactivation under use conditions. [ citation needed] Formulation can also help minimise deactivation of benzalkonium solutions in the presence of organic and inorganic contamination. [ citation needed]. However, recent studies have demonstrated the capacity of environmental microorganisms to develop reduced susceptibility to benzalkonium chloride by employing strategies such as modifying bacterial membranes: increasing pump activity, and reducing the expression of certain porins. [51] Degradation [ edit ] Biodegradation pathways of BAC with Fenton process (H 2O 2/Fe 2+) [52]The mechanism of bacterial/microbicidal action of BAC 50 is thought to be due to the disruption of intermolecular interactions that causes the dissociation of cellular membrane lipid bilayers, which compromises cellular permeability controls and induces leakage of cellular contents. Malo, J; Chan-Yeung, M; Bernstein, D I (2013). Asthma in the Workplace (4, illustrated, reviseded.). CRC Press. p.198. ISBN 978-1-842-14591-3. Benzalkonium chloride is irritant to middle ear tissues at typically used concentrations. Inner ear toxicity has been demonstrated.