A Bug's World

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Insects could be the key to meeting food needs of growing global population". the Guardian. 31 July 2010 . Retrieved 13 January 2022. Wigglesworth, Vincent Brian. "Insect". Encyclopædia Britannica online. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012 . Retrieved 19 April 2012. Featuring situations like a university lecture gone wrong and a failed SNL episode, Bugs presents the absurdity of life within a patriarchal society obsessed with success. The DIY film sets the Bug universe right in the middle of the real world, creating multiple layers of reality that interact with each other. Produced over 2011-2015 with a large cast and crew of artists and comedians. van Klink, Roel (24 April 2020), "Meta-analysis reveals declines in terrestrial but increases in freshwater insect abundances", Science, 368 (6489): 417–420, Bibcode: 2020Sci...368..417V, doi: 10.1126/science.aax9931, PMID 32327596, S2CID 216106896

McGrath, Matt (23 April 2020). " 'Insect apocalypse' more complex than thought". BBC News . Retrieved 24 April 2020. Dr Sarah Beynon, an entomologist who runs the Bug Farm, a working insect farm and visitor attraction in Pembrokeshire, believes we will have to get used to a different idea of farming: hi-tech, robot-operated vertical facilities devoted to maximising protein yield. As inhumane as that sounds, from the insect’s point of view, she stresses, it’s a good deal. “With insects, we can farm them intensively without compromising their welfare. They’re actually happier when they’re close to many other insects of the same species.” Insect lifecycles are also highly conducive to factory farming: at certain stages of their lives they produce heat and at other stages they need heat, so an indoor farm can be more efficient than an outdoor farm in a warmer climate. Frequently Asked Questions on Entomology | Entomological Society of America (ESA)". 7 February 2015. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015 . Retrieved 19 July 2021.Warren, Ben; Nowotny, Manuela (11 April 2021). "Bridging the Gap Between Mammal and Insect Ears – A Comparative and Evolutionary View of Sound-Reception". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 9. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.667218. The abdomen is the largest tagma of the insect, which typically consists of 11–12 segments and is less strongly sclerotized than the head or thorax. Each segment of the abdomen is represented by a sclerotized tergum and sternum. Terga are separated from each other and from the adjacent sterna or pleura by membranes. Spiracles are located in the pleural area. Variation of this ground plan includes the fusion of terga or terga and sterna to form continuous dorsal or ventral shields or a conical tube. Some insects bear a sclerite in the pleural area called a laterotergite. Ventral sclerites are sometimes called laterosternites. During the embryonic stage of many insects and the postembryonic stage of primitive insects, 11 abdominal segments are present. In modern insects there is a tendency toward reduction in the number of the abdominal segments, but the primitive number of 11 is maintained during embryogenesis. Variation in abdominal segment number is considerable. If the Apterygota are considered to be indicative of the ground plan for pterygotes, confusion reigns: adult Protura have 12 segments, Collembola have 6. The orthopteran family Acrididae has 11 segments, and a fossil specimen of Zoraptera has a 10-segmented abdomen. [62] Exoskeleton Belles, Xavier (14 October 2019). "The innovation of the final moult and the origin of insect metamorphosis". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 374 (1783): 20180415. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0415. PMC 6711288. PMID 31438822.

Insect respiration is accomplished without lungs. Instead, the insect respiratory system uses a system of internal tubes and sacs through which gases either diffuse or are actively pumped, delivering oxygen directly to tissues that need it via their trachea (element 8 in numbered diagram). In most insects, air is taken in through openings on the sides of the abdomen and thorax called spiracles. The University of Florida Book of Insect Records". entnemdept.ufl.edu. Department of Entomology & Nematology, UF/IFAS . Retrieved 13 January 2022. Insects are members of a subgroup of arthropods known as Hexapoda, whose name comes from the Greek for ‘six legs’. Their bite is considered one of the most painfulthat can be inflicted by any insect. The saliva liquefies muscle tissue. In rare instances, their bite can do permanent damage to humans. So don’t get drunk and pass out with your face near one of these guys.

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Instead of an internal skeleton, an arthropod has an external skeleton called an exoskeleton. An arthropod’s waxy exoskeleton prevents it from drying out in dry habitats. There are an estimated 1,053,578 known insect species ( source), making Insecta by far the largest class in terms of number of species. At least some insects have nociceptors, cells that detect and transmit signals responsible for the sensation of pain. [67] [ failed verification] [68] This was discovered in 2003 by studying the variation in reactions of larvae of the common fruit-fly Drosophila to the touch of a heated probe and an unheated one. The larvae reacted to the touch of the heated probe with a stereotypical rolling behavior that was not exhibited when the larvae were touched by the unheated probe. [69] Although nociception has been demonstrated in insects, there is no consensus that insects feel pain consciously [70] Insects live in nearly every habitat, and it’s estimated that there are currently 10 quintillion insects on the globe. So far scientists who study bugs, called entomologists, have named one million insect species but studies estimate that four million are still uncategorized.

Belostomatidae is a family of insects better known as “giant water bugs” or “ toe-biters.” Most species in the Belostomatidae family are relatively large (2 cm or more) with some of the largest, such as Lethocerus, exceeding 12 cm, and nearly reaching the dimensions (length and mass) of some of the larger beetles in the world. Although insects are eaten by humans in many parts of the world, it is the honey produced by bees that has become a commercially-produced food. Having their muscles attached to their exoskeletons is efficient and allows more muscle connections.Insecta itself is part of an even bigger animal group: Arthropoda. Other well-known arthropod groups are Arachnida (arachnids), which includes animals such as spiders and scorpions, and Crustacea (crustaceans), which includes animals such as lobsters, crabs and krill. Spiders are NOT insects, but both insects and spiders are arthropods. a b c Nation, James L. (2001). "Digestion". Insect Physiology and Biochemistry (1sted.). CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-1181-9. a b Kjer, Karl M.; Simon, Chris; Yavorskaya, Margarita & Beutel, Rolf G. (2016). "Progress, pitfalls and parallel universes: a history of insect phylogenetics". Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 13 (121): 121. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0363. PMC 5014063. PMID 27558853. Tscharntke, Teja; Klein, Alexandra M.; Kruess, Andreas; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf; Thies, Carsten (August 2005). "Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity and ecosystem service management". Ecology Letters. 8 (8): 857–874. Bibcode: 2005EcolL...8..857T. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x. S2CID 54532666.