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Han L, Ma Y, Hu M, Hao D. Comparison of protection indexes and standards of medical masks at home and abroad. Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University. 2020;34(2):1–7. Sikdar, D.; Goswami, S.; Das, P. Activated carbonaceous materials from tea waste and its removal capacity of indigo carmine present in solution: Synthesis, batch and optimization study. Sustain. Environ. Res. 2020, 30, 1–16. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef]
Straight fertilisers: These contain only one or mainly one nutrient. They are usually used to provide different nutrients at different times of the year, or to correct particular nutrient deficiencies. They are usually inorganic. Organic fertilisers: These are derived from plant or animal sources and contain plant nutrients in organic form. Organic products tend to be slower acting, as large organic molecules have to be broken down by soil organisms before the nutrients within them are released for plant use. Examples of organic fertilisers include: seaweed, hoof & horn, dried blood, fish blood & bone, bone meal, poultry manure pellets and liquid comfrey or nettle feeds. Other widely available products include Miracle-GroPerformance Organics All Purpose Concentrated Liquid Plant Food andLevingtonTomorite Organic Concentrate. Inorganic fertilisers: These are synthetic, artificial forms of plant nutrients or naturally occurring mined minerals. Inorganic fertilisers are usually more concentrated and faster acting than organic fertilisers. Examples of inorganic fertilisers include: Growmore, Miracle-Gro All Purpose Soluble Plant Food,Phostrogen All Purpose Plant Food, Sulphate of Ammonia, Sulphate of Potash, and Superphosphate and Tomorite Concentrated Tomato Food.
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The American TSI 8130 automatic filter equipment was employed for testing particle filtration efficiency. The material was first placed in an environment with a relative humidity of 85% and at 38°C for 24 hours for pretreatment and was then sealed in an airtight container. The test was completed within 2 hours after the sample pretreatment. The test process entailed placing the pretreated material in a NaCl aerosol with a relative humidity of 30% and at 25°C (median diameter of particle count 0.075 ± 0.020 μm), with a geometric standard deviation of the particle distribution less than 1.86 and concentration no more than 200 mg/m 3. The gas flow rate was set to 30 L/min, and the cross-sectional area through which the air flows was 100 cm 2. In a customer service message, the brand said it was “working extremely hard to fix the problems” with the biodegradable bags, having made “huge improvements at our factory in Manchester”.
Cooper DW, Hinds WC, Price JM, Weker R, Yee HS. Common Materials for Emergency Respiratory Protection: Leakage Tests with a Manikin. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal.1983;10(44):720–726. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528668391405634 pmid:6650392 Although three fabric materials (T shirt, fleece sweater, and tea towel) tested in our study could not reach the standard of surgical mask in terms of bacterial filtration efficiency, some combinations of the three materials showed a higher level of particle filtration, such as fleece sweater plus hairy tea towel. Studies demonstrated that the filtering performance of fabric materials was similar to surgical masks in some aspects [ 18, 19]. For example, the permeability of fabric materials such as T-shirts and tea towels under the polydisperse NaCl aerosols was 40% to 90%, while that of a surgical mask was 51% to 89% [ 18, 19]. Davies et al. [ 13] reported that tea towels demonstrated high filtration efficiency in both Bacillus atrophaeus and MS2 bacteriophage aerosols, and the filtration efficiency of double-layer tea towels was close to that of medical surgical mask. Van der Sande et al. [ 12] found that the homemade tea towel mask could still play a protective role to a certain degree and would not be affected by supply restrictions, although its protective effect was not as strong as a surgical mask or FFP2 mask. It is worth noting that elastic materials may be selected for producing T-shirts and fleece sweater, the pore size may increase due to the stretching of the material during testing, which would reduce its filtration efficiency [ 14]. However, the materials of homemade masks are not fully recognized in available literatures, and their performance indexes were not tested and verified systematically. Based on previous studies and expert opinions, our study included as many homemade mask materials with good accessibility as possible, and tested relevant indicators in strict accordance with national standards. We also explicitly reported whether these materials met the standards, which can provide a more scientific reference for the selection of materials for homemade masks. Grass is naturally high in nitrogen and potassium, two very essential nutrients for growing and established plants. Ebrahimian, A.; Saberikhah, E. Biosorption of methylene blue onto Foumanat tea waste: Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 2013, 47, 657–666. [ Google Scholar]You can also buy a bag of organic compost inexpensively from a local nursery if you don’t have your own pile.
Van der Sande M, Teunis P, Sabel R. Professional and home-made face masks reduce exposure to respiratory infections among the general population. PLOS ONE. 2008 2008-01-01;3(7):e2618. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002618 pmid:18612429 In fact the limited supply and high prices of orthodox caused the Soviet Union, one of the principal buyers of Indian tea, to go in for CTC brokens in a big way towards the close of last year and prices shot up from Rs 26 to around Rs 30 a kg.
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Aljundi, I.H. Bromate formation during ozonation of drinking water: A response surface methodology study. Desalination 2011, 277, 24–28. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Oberg T, Brosseau LM. Surgical mask filter and fit performance. AM J INFECT CONTROL. 2008;36(4):276–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2007.07.008 pmid:18455048
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