Mattel Dino Tek R8889 - Terrordactyl

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Paul, Gregory S. (2002). Dinosaurs of the Air: The Evolution and Loss of Flight in Dinosaurs and Birds. Johns Hopkins University Press. p.472. ISBN 0-8018-6763-0. The type specimen of the animal now known as Pterodactylus antiquus was the first pterosaur fossil ever to be identified. The first Pterodactylus specimen was described by the Italian scientist Cosimo Alessandro Collini in 1784, based on a fossil skeleton that had been unearthed from the Solnhofen limestone of Bavaria. Collini was the curator of the Naturalienkabinett, or nature cabinet of curiosities (a precursor to the modern concept of the natural history museum), in the palace of Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria at Mannheim. [6] [7] The specimen had been given to the collection by Count Friedrich Ferdinand zu Pappenheim around 1780, having been recovered from a lithographic limestone quarry in Eichstätt. [8] The actual date of the specimen's discovery and entry into the collection is unknown however, and it was not mentioned in a catalogue of the collection taken in 1767, so it must have been acquired at some point between that date and its 1784 description by Collini. This makes it potentially the earliest documented pterosaur find; the "Pester Exemplar" of the genus Aurorazhdarcho was described in 1779 and possibly discovered earlier than the Mannheim specimen, but it was at first considered to be a fossilized crustacean, and it was not until 1856 that this species was properly described as a pterosaur by German paleontologist Hermann von Meyer. [6] Wagler's 1830 restoration of an aquatic Pterodactylus a b c Witton, M.P. (2010). " Pteranodon and beyond: The history of giant pterosaurs from 1870 onwards. Geological Society of London Special Publications". 343: 313–323. {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help) Looking at the Avemetatarsalia (see the diagram above), a major split is apparent at the base of this group. On the one side are the dinosaurs and their closest relatives, and on the other are pterosaurs and animals more closely related to them than dinosaurs. Both pterosaurs and dinosaurs are distinct groups that shared a common ancestor, and so to call a pterosaur a dinosaur is to ignore this major divergence in the evolution of both groups. A pterosaur is no more a dinosaur than a goldfish is a shark. Young, Mark T.; Brusatte, Stephen L.; de Andrade, Marco Brandalise; Desojo, Julia B.; Beatty, Brian L.; Steel, Lorna; Fernández, Marta S.; Sakamoto, Manabu; Ruiz-Omeñaca, Jose Ignacio; Schoch, Rainer R. (September 18, 2012). Butler, Richard J. (ed.). "The Cranial Osteology and Feeding Ecology of the Metriorhynchid Crocodylomorph Genera Dakosaurus and Plesiosuchus from the Late Jurassic of Europe". PLOS ONE. 7 (9): e44985. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...744985Y. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044985. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3445579. PMID 23028723.

Let's start from the bottom and work our way up. The Archosauria is a diverse group of reptiles which contains two major subsections: crocodiles and their close relatives (collectively called crurotarsans or pseudosuchians) are on one side of the split, and dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and their closest relatives (called avemetatarsalians) on the other. For our purposes here, we're concerned with the second group. The three Pteranodon adults escaped their enclosure after the humans had left. For some reason, they abandoned their young. This could have been because they didn't know how expansive the world was outside of the Aviary or thought the fourth Pteranodon would take care of the juveniles, which seems unlikely after the section of the walkway fell on it. The survivors and the Marines/ Navy who had rescued them saw the three Pterosaurs as they flew away from Isla Sorna. When asked by Dr. Grant why the flying reptiles were leaving their home, Dr. Grant suggested that they were looking for new nesting grounds. The survivors hardly showed concern for the escaped pterosaurs, focusing on the joy of being rescued. [6]Most Pterodactylus fossils have been found in the Solnhofen limestone deposits in Bavaris, Germany. Others have been found in England and in Tanzania. Some of the confusion arose after different-sized Pterodactylus fossils were found. It was originally thought that these were from different species. Today, however, scientists think that they are all Pterodactylus antiquus, but that some are juveniles (young), whereas others are older. This accounts for the differences in size. Hoffstetter, R. (1966). "A propos des genres Ardeosaurus et Eichstaettisaurus (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonoidea) du Jurassique Supèrieur de Franconie"[On the genera Ardeosaurus and Eichstaettisaurus (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonoidea) from the Upper Jurassic of France]. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 8 (4): 592–595. doi: 10.2113/gssgfbull.S7-VIII.4.592. Oken, Lorenz (1816). Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Vol.3. Leipzig: August Schmid und Comp. pp.312–314.

a b c d e f Bennett, S.C. (1996). "Year-classes of pterosaurs from the Solnhofen Limestone of Germany: Taxonomic and Systematic Implications". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 16 (3): 432–444. doi: 10.1080/02724634.1996.10011332.Bardet, Nathalie; Fernández, Marta S. (2000). "A new ichthyosaur from the Upper Jurassic lithographic limestones of Bavaria". Journal of Paleontology. 74 (3): 503–511. doi: 10.1017/S0022336000031760. ISSN 0022-3360. Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p.38. ISBN 1-84028-152-9. The word ‘pterodactylus’ comes from the Greek meaning ‘winged finger’. Pterodactylus had extremely long, specially adapted fourth fingers, to which its wings were attached. At first, it was assumed that the smaller specimens were juvenile or subadult forms of the larger type. Later, when more remains were found, it was realized they could have been a separate species. This possible second species from Texas was provisionally referred to as a Quetzalcoatlus sp. by Alexander Kellner and Langston in 1996, indicating that its status was too uncertain to give it a full new species name. [6] The smaller specimens are more complete than the Q. northropi holotype, and include four partial skulls, though they are much less massive, with an estimated wingspan of 5.5m (18ft). [7] This species was named Q. lawsoni in 2021, named after the genus' original describer. [1]