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Another form of ethnocentric revisionism is nationalistic pseudohistory. The " Ancient Macedonians continuity theory" is one such pseudohistorical theory, which postulates demographic, cultural and linguistic continuity between Macedonians of antiquity and the main ethnic group in present-day North Macedonia. [37] [38] Also, the Bulgarian medieval dynasty of the Komitopules, which ruled the First Bulgarian Empire in its last decades, is presented as "Macedonian", ruling a "medieval Macedonian state", because of the location of its capitals in Macedonia. [39] In the third paragraph of his review, Allchin asserts, ‘Fritze epitomizes a tradition that equates the right method with the right answer’. That is a caricature of what I think. In fact, I recognize that science done in a methodologically proper way frequently yields negative results that do not bear out the hypothesis. Such negative results are, in fact, useful but they don’t go very far when it comes to impressing grant-giving agencies. Allchin is correct to assert that there are cases in the history of science where people operating outside of accepted scientific methods have made important discoveries. I am not, however, writing about those scholars. Instead, my book is about people like Madame Blavatsky, Barry Fell, Wallace Fard, and Erik von Däniken among others. I am hard-pressed to discern where any of them has made an important discovery that advanced scientific or historical knowledge. Allchin is talking about the history of scientific endeavor through the ages, whereas I wrote a book about some aspects of the phenomenon of pseudohistory that came into being during the 19th century and is a product of mass culture of the industrial and post-industrial West. According to Nails: The History of the Modern Manicure, archaeologists unearthed a solid gold manicure set in southern Babylonia, dating to 3,200 BC, that was apparently part of combat equipment. Given that manicures are now considered – and regularly derided – as a female pastime, this gives the term “war paint” a whole new meaning. The social significance of red nails has been a constant through the ages. They have been reserved for the elite, highlighting nail beds and social inequalities
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a b "The view of matriarchy as constituting a stage of cultural development now is generally discredited. Furthermore, the consensus among modern anthropologists and sociologists is that a strictly matriarchal society never existed." Encyclopædia Britannica (2007), entry Matriarchy. Dacianism is a Romanian pseudohistorical current that attempts to attribute far more influence over European and world history to the Dacians than that which they actually enjoyed. [40] Dacianist historiography claims that the Dacians held primacy over all other civilizations, including the Romans; [41] that the Dacian language was the origin of Latin and all other languages, such as Hindi and Babylonian; [42] and sometimes that the Zalmoxis cult has structural links to Christianity. [43] Dacianism was most prevalent in National Communist Romania, as the Ceaușescu regime portrayed the Dacians as insurgents defying an "imperialist" Rome; the Communist Party had formally attached "protochronism", as Dacianism was known, to Marxist ideology by 1974. [44] Historical falsification [ edit ] Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain, a scene from which is shown in this fifteenth-century illumination, was a popular work of pseudohistory during the Middle Ages. Johann Heinrich Cohausen, an 18th-century physician, wrote a treatise on the prolongation of life, entitled Hermippus redivivus. Amongst other secrets of longevity, it claimed that life could be prolonged by taking an elixir produced by collecting the breath of young women in bottles. The epigraph from Sir Thomas Browne also raises another issue. Later in his review Allchin makes the statement ‘Fritze’s view of authority may be reflected, perhaps, in his immoderate use of epigraphs, which open every section of the text (43 in all)’. The implication is that I am using the epigrams as proof texts in the manner of a medieval scholastic. Surely, Allchin recognizes that I used epigrams in a number of ways – ironic, paradoxical, empathetic, contrasting, comparative, humorous, and, yes, sometimes to prove a point. For example, on p. 40 I used an epigram ‘Indiana is not Atlantis’ which comes from Charles Portis’s novel Masters of Atlantis. Being born and raised in Indiana, I could not resist. How can that epigram be taken other than as humorous? Of course, if Allchin will forgive my overuse of epigrams, I will forgive him his overly exuberant employment of an arcane, technical vocabulary and his glossilalic prose.Meanwhile, suspicions about the validity of the letter were raised, and enquiries ensued. When it was determined that the letter was indeed a forgery, the Treasury sent the following press release to the editors of the London evening papers: I have to acquaint you, that the message which was supposed to have been sent this morning from Lord Hawkesbury to the Lord Mayor stating that the Negotiations with France had terminated amicably, was a fabrication, and totally destitute of truth. I am, Sir, your most obedient humble Servant, John Sargent. ~ 1 Bell’s Weekly Messenger – Sunday 08 May 1803 Fake news about the King being ill was printed from sources on the side of the rebels. It didn’t take long before these stories were seen by other printers who then republished them. This harmed the King’s public image, and although the rebellion wasn’t successful, showed how fake news can be used to try and change people’s opinions. If you look at the American flag in still pictures from the Apollo 11 mission, it appears to be flapping in the wind. But how can that be, since there’s no wind on the moon?
HISTORY The Wildest Moon Landing Conspiracy Theories, Debunked | HISTORY
Is selective in its use of ancient documents, citing favorably those that fit with its agenda, and ignoring or interpreting away those documents which do not fit The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion is a fraudulent work purporting to show a historical conspiracy for world domination by Jews. [22] The work was conclusively proven to be a forgery in August 1921, when The Times revealed that extensive portions of the document were directly plagiarized from Maurice Joly's 1864 satirical dialogue The Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu, [23] as well as Hermann Goedsche's 1868 anti-Semitic novel Biarritz. [24]
No, this video does not prove that an attack on Odesa was staged by Ukraine
David Barton (December 2008). "Confronting Civil War Revisionism: Why the South Went To War". Wall Builders . Retrieved 30 December 2013. John Dillinger, in case you need a refresher, was a gangster who gained infamy in the 1930s for robbing banks and also for being handsome. The punchline of Dillinger's story is that he was taken down by the FBI and then buried under 3 feet of concrete, and ever since there are people who say it wasn't really John Dillinger who got shot by the FBI that night, hence all the concrete.
What happens when AI generates fake historical photos - France 24
Even this beautifully preserved dinosaur has some ribs and toes missing. If mounted for display, these might have to be sculpted to replace the missing parts but we do understand what they should look like from this and other specimens of close relatives. Photograph: Junchang Lu/University of Edinbu/PA Hypothesising the consequences of unlikely events that "could" have happened, thereby assuming tacitly that they did. The idea that matriarchal societies existed and they preceded patriarchal societies was first raised in the 19th-century among Western academics, but it has since been discredited. [64]
Ancient history
A closer look, however, reveals that this is nothing new: cuticle culture has long been entangled in highly charged matters, from classism and racial discrimination to politics and human rights issues. Not since the treaty of Trianon”, he gloated, “has our nation been as close as it is today to regaining its confidence and vitality” – a reference to the post-first world war treaty that deprived Hungary of two-thirds of its territory. Orbán’s guiding idea is that Hungary must seek redress for historical humiliations. The suggestion is that, as his government clashes with the EU on migration quotas, it is avenging grievances rooted in the 20th century. Orbán’s manipulations go further, and involve completely rewriting dark chapters of the past. He’s on the record as saying Miklós Horthy, the Hungarian leader who cooperated with the Nazis, was an “exceptional statesman”.
history of the From ancient Egypt to Cardi B: a cultural history of the
a b c Purkiss, Diane (1996). The Witch in History: Early Modern and Twentieth-Century Representations. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 62. ISBN 978-0415087629. History (real history, lowercase "h") remembers the Sam Adams of 1765 as a middle-aged dude with a paunch, but in "Sons of Liberty" he's, um, not like that. In fact, he's not only swoonworthy, he's also surprisingly nimble for a 43-year-old dude. And that's not the show's only inaccuracy — the Journal of the American Revolution listed 22 missteps just in the first episode. Boia, Lucian (1997). Istorie și mit în conștiința românească. Bucharest, Romania: Humanitas. p.160–1. What the French – specifically the makeup artist Michelle Menard – can be credited with, however, is introducing a glossy nail polish in the 20s using car paint, although it was available only to a limited few. That changed in 1932 when Revlon launched what we now know as nail polish and opened this aspect of manicuring to the masses. The popularity of nail colour continued for decades, even in times of economic instability, when it was considered an affordable and justifiable luxury. Some shades, such as Chanel’s Rouge Noir, became famous. In 1995, this dried-blood hue, popularised by Uma Thurman’s character in Quentin Tarantino’s Pulp Fiction, sold out on the first day it launched. The hype created a 12-month waiting list; it is still Chanel’s bestselling product. A plausible manner and confidence in speech may lend weight to claims that are fake news – or, let us more nobly say, “factitious”. What is factitious is, oddly, not a fact. Both words derive ultimately from the Latin facere, to make or do, but while a fact (Latin factum) is something done, a factitious thing (Latin factīcius) is something “of the made sort”, something manufactured or artificial – and so, in English, often deceptive, false or inauthentic. Perhaps, just as Stephen Colbert’s coinage “ truthiness” means the quality of seeming but not really being true, we might employ “factitiousness” for the quality of seeming to have, but not really having, something to do with the facts.Sheiko, Konstantin (2012). Nationalist Imaginings of the Russian Past: Anatolii Fomenko and the Rise of Alternative History in Post-Communist Russia. Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society. Vol.86. Stuttgart, Germany: Ibidem-Verlag. p.83. ISBN 9783838259154. Another example of historical revisionism is the thesis, found in the writings of David Barton and others, asserting that the United States was founded as an exclusively Christian nation. [51] [52] [53] Mainstream historians instead support the traditional position, which holds that the American founding fathers intended for church and state to be kept separate. [54] [55] Fritze asks, 'how can a person know what is truth and fact, and what is lie and error in history, or science for that matter?', and replies plainly, 'the answer is evidence' (p. 11). Any 'educated person' or 'competent reader', he claims, 'can and should be able to identify it [pseudohistory]' (pp. 11, 152). This is the conventional rationalist's stance, echoed in other books about pseudoknowledge for a popular audience. (6) Of course evidence is foundational. But when epistemics is naturalized, the problem is not so simple. One major cognitive phenomenon is confirmation bias: early perceptions and interpretations tend to shape later perceptions and interpretations. (7) As a consequence, we often draw conclusions before all the relevant information is available or when evidence is essentially incomplete (the conventional fallacy of 'hasty generalization'). In addition, our minds unconsciously filter observations, tending to select or highlight confirming examples, while discounting or peripheralizing counterexamples. Ultimately, all the 'available evidence' is not really cognitively available. The believer in pseudohistory typically does respect the need for relevant evidence – and believes that it has been secured (witness their expansive volumes). Merely rehearsing the evidence against pseudohistorical claims, as Fritze largely does, is hardly sufficient for remedying those beliefs – or for understanding why anyone holds them. When the journal published it, Sokal revealed that the paper was in fact a spoof. The incident triggered a storm of debate about the ethics of Sokal’s prank. The spaghetti tree
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