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The clinical applications of myo-inositol are already wide ranging and it’s likely, as research in the area gathers momentum, more may be added. For women with PCOS though, research shows that myo-inositol is a useful consideration as part of their treatment protocol. Needless to say, polycystic ovary syndrome is complex, commonly difficult to diagnose and is often missed completely. 4,5 There are two main forms of inositol used in supplements, namely myo-inositol (MYO) and D-chiro-inositol (DCI).
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that causes hormone imbalances in women, which may lead to irregular periods and infertility. Weight gain, high blood sugar and undesirable cholesterol and triglyceride levels are also concerns with PCOS ( 16).Carlomagno & Unfer (2011), Inositol safety: clinical evidences. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 15: 931-936 Papaleo E, Unfer V et al. Myo-inositol in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a novel method for ovulation induction. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2007 Dec; 23(12):700-3. I use these ingredients in a lot of my PCOS recipes. Many also feature in my free 30-Day PCOS Diet Challenge and free 3-Day Meal Plan. In 2003, The Rotterdam consensus defined the diagnostic criteria of PCOS as the presence of any two of the following three features: hyperandrogenism (clinical or biochemical), ovulatory dysfunction (often manifested by menstrual irregularities), and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) by ultrasound. The Rotterdam criteria remains the most used diagnostic criteria for both individual diagnosis and research and yet is still generally accepted to have limitations. Tabrizi R, Ostadmohammadi V, Lankarani KB, Peymani P, Akbari M, Kolahdooz F, Asemi Z The effects of inositol supplementation on lipid profiles among patients with metabolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lipids Health Dis. (2018-May-24)
Because supplementation with inositol can increase insulin sensitivity and help improve fasting glucose and postprandial glycemic control, [7] [8] inositol might help prevent and/or treat diabetes. One type of diabetes for which the role of inositol has been widely studied is gestational diabetes, a condition characterized by abnormal glucose tolerance and high blood sugar during pregnancy. Meta-analyses show that supplementation with inositol during pregnancy might reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes and related birth complications. [9] [10] [11] However, further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether inositol is efficacious in the treatment of gestational diabetes. [12] Donne, M., et al., Effects of three treatment modalities (diet, myoinositol or myoinositol associated with D-chiro-inositol) on clinical and body composition outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2019. 23(5): p. 2293-2301. While these inositol doses appear to be helpful for certain conditions in the short-term, more research is needed to determine if they’re safe and effective over longer periods. Summary
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M., S. Basciani, and E. Camajani, The 40:1 myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol plasma ratio is able to restore ovulation in PCOS patients: comparison with other ratios. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2019. 23(12): p. 5512-5521. It’s important to be wary of products that include sweeteners, vitamins, and other ingredients. The addition of these other ingredients amounts to a “marketing maneuver” and may inhibit gut absorption [ 53]. Inositol supplements are safe when used as directed. They can improve metabolic health, fertility, skin, and hair. Inositol supplements alter insulin sensitivity. Because of this, they’re most effective when also following a PCOS diet.
For blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes: 1 gram of DCI and 400 mcg folic acid once daily for 6 months ( 34). Myo-inositol is one of nine different types of inositol. It is a naturally occurring substance produced in the human body from glucose, although it is not a sugar. Better described as a ‘vitamin-like’ substance, myo-inositol is often considered to be a member of the B complex group of vitamins. However, because it is produced by the body in amounts considered sufficient to support health, it is not officially termed an essential nutrient. In addition to the body’s own production from glucose, myo-inositol is also found naturally in many foods such as organ meats, fruit, grains, nuts and beans. Metformin has limited use cases for PCOS. For example, the quality of evidence supporting its benefits for fertility is “low” [ 44]. The Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guidelines state that it “has limited or no benefit in treating hirsutism, acne, or infertility [ 45].” E., et al., Myo-inositol may improve oocyte quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. A prospective, controlled, randomized trial. Fertil Steril, 2009. 91(5): p. 1750-4. Crawford TJ, Crowther CA, Alsweiler J, Brown J. Antenatal dietary supplementation with myo-inositol in women during pregnancy for preventing gestational diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(12):CD011507. View abstract.
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One six-month study in 80 postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome found that 4 grams per day of inositol improved insulin sensitivity, blood pressure and cholesterol levels more than a placebo ( 10). Serotonin is one important neurotransmitter affected by inositol. This molecule has many roles in your body and impacts your behavior and mood ( 2). Inositol can be used to produce molecules that are involved in insulin’s action in your cells ( 9). Other research in women with gestational diabetes has also shown benefits of inositol for insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control ( 11). F., et al., Short-term effects of metformin and myo-inositol in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Gynecol Endocrinol, 2019. 35(3): p. 198-206.
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