Joined in 2023 
82 
63 About this deal
Revision of salaries for Clerical Officers and Caretakers employed in National Schools under the 1978/79 Scheme and Clerical Officers employed in Post Primary Schools under the 1978 Scheme under Building Momentum - A New Public Service Agreement 2021-2023 (“The Agreement”) Geissdoerfer, M., Pieroni, M.P., Pigosso, D.C. and Soufani, K. (2020). "Circular business models: A review" (PDF). Journal of Cleaner Production. 277: 123741. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123741. S2CID 225282542. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link) There is some criticism of the idea of the circular economy. As Corvellec (2015) put it, the circular economy privileges continued economic growth with soft "anti-programs", and the circular economy is far from the most radical "anti-program". [259] Corvellec (2019) raised the issue of multi-species and stresses "impossibility for waste producers to dissociate themselves from their waste and emphasizes the contingent, multiple, and transient value of waste". [260] :217 "Scatolic engagement draws on Reno's analogy of waste as scats and of scats as signs for enabling interspecies communication. This analogy stresses the impossibility for waste producers to dissociate themselves from their waste and emphasizes the contingent, multiple, and transient value of waste". [260] :217 Other definitions and precise thresholds that separate linear from circular activity have also been developed in the economic literature. [29] [24] [25] History and aims [ edit ] End-of-life buildings can be deconstructed, hereby creating new construction elements that can be used for creating new buildings and freeing up space for new development. [146]
Patagonia designs high-quality outdoor clothing and gear meant to last for years. The company is a pioneer in sustainability and has circular thinking implemented throughout its value chain. The company could be highlighted as an example in several different categories promoting circular design, but in this article, we highlight the company's Worn Wear program that enables customers to trade in their used Patagonia clothing and gear for store credit. H&M proves that environmental concerns are taken seriously in fast fashion. While the company is undoubtedly aware that fast fashion is a sunset industry, its circular adaptation is, in any case, a positive signal for a better tomorrow. One study suggests that by 2050, up to 40 to 75% of the EU's clean energy metal needs could come from local recycling. [205]Recovery and recycling of materials that have been dispersed through pollution, waste and end-of-life product disposal require energy and resources, which increase in a nonlinear manner as the percentage of recycled material rises (owing to the second law of thermodynamics: entropy causing dispersion). Recovery can never be 100% (Faber et al., 1987). The level of recycling that is appropriate may differ between materials. [268]
The circular economy includes products, infrastructure, equipment and services, [49] and applies to every industry sector. It includes 'technical' resources (metals, minerals, fossil resources) and 'biological' resources (food, fibres, timber, etc.). [20] Most schools of thought advocate a shift from fossil fuels to the use of renewable energy, and emphasize the role of diversity as a characteristic of resilient and sustainable systems. The circular economy includes a discussion of the role of money and finance as part of the wider debate, and some of its pioneers have called for a revamp of economic performance measurement tools. [50] One study points out how modularisation could become a cornerstone to enabling a circular economy and enhancing the sustainability of energy infrastructure. [51] One example of a circular economy model is the implementation of renting models in traditional ownership areas (e.g. electronics, clothes, furniture, transportation). By renting the same product to several clients, manufacturers can increase revenues per unit, thus decreasing the need to produce more to increase revenues. Recycling initiatives are often described as circular economy and are likely to be the most widespread models. [50] The rare-earth elements (REEs) are vital to modern technologies and society and are amongst the most critical elements. Despite this, typically only around 1% of REEs are recycled from end-products, with the rest deporting to waste and being removed from the materials cycle. [190] Recycling and reusing REEs play an important role in high technology fields and manufacturing environmentally friendly products all around the world. [191] In 2010, the concept of circular economy started to become popular internationally after the publication of several reports. [32] Most countries that are in the lead in the field of circular economy are European countries, meaning that Europe in general is in the lead group at the moment. The reasons behind this are numerous. First of all, circular economy is a field that is, at the moment mostly advanced in the developed countries, thanks to, between others, technology. [234] The efforts of the European Commission are also non negligible, with documents such as the Commission staff working document "Leading the way to a global circular economy: state of play and outlook" [235] or the new action plan for circular economy in Europe, [236] being one of the main blocs of the green deal. [237] Outside the EU, countries such as Brazil, China, Canada, the US and especially Japan are working on the shift towards it. [233]
Examples of circular business models
Collaboration with municipalities, at the subnational level, to encourage them to become more circular; [247] The European environmental research and innovation policy aims at supporting the transition to a circular economy in Europe, defining and driving the implementation of a transformative agenda to green the economy and the society as a whole, to achieve a truly sustainable development. Research and innovation in Europe are financially supported by the program Horizon 2020, which is also open to participation worldwide. [219] Circular economy is found to play an important role to economic growth of European Countries, highlighting the crucial role of sustainability, innovation, and investment in no-waste initiatives to promote wealth. [44] The "Circularity Gap Report" indicates that "out of all the minerals, biomass, fossil fuels and metals that enter the world's economy, only 8.6 percent are reused". [217] [218] Programs [ edit ]
Great Deal 
New Comment