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Entropia: Life Beyond Industrial Civilisation

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a b Michaelian, Karo (2009). "Thermodynamic Origin of Life". Earth System Dynamics. 2 (1): 37–51. arXiv: 0907.0042. Bibcode: 2011ESD.....2...37M. doi: 10.5194/esd-2-37-2011. S2CID 14574109. Prigogine, I. (1967). Introduction to thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Interscience. OCLC 1171126768. Jeremy England developed a hypothesis of the physics of the origins of life, that he calls 'dissipation-driven adaptation'. [28] [29] The hypothesis holds that random groups of molecules can self-organize to more efficiently absorb and dissipate heat from the environment. His hypothesis states that such self-organizing systems are an inherent part of the physical world. [30] Other types of entropy and their use in defining life [ edit ]

Vega-Martínez, Cristian; Azua-Bustos, Armando (2013). "The potential for detecting 'life as we don't know it' by fractal complexity analysis". International Journal of Astrobiology. 12 (4): 314–320. Bibcode: 2013IJAsB..12..314A. doi: 10.1017/S1473550413000177. hdl: 10533/131814. ISSN 1475-3006. S2CID 122793675. Reimported Estates,Roars, LA Markers, Recources, Mobs, Mission Brokers, Mision Locations, Revival Points, Outposts, POI and Teleports To Maps&Locations section (8825 objects.) La Cerra, P. (2003). The First Law of Psychology is the Second Law of Thermodynamics: The Energetic Evolutionary Model of the Mind and the Generation of Human Psychological Phenomena, Human Nature Review 3: 440–447.a b Wright, S.E.; Rosen, M.A.; Scott, D.S.; Haddow, J.B. (January 2002). "The exergy flux of radiative heat transfer with an arbitrary spectrum". Exergy. 2 (2): 69–77. doi: 10.1016/s1164-0235(01)00041-3. ISSN 1164-0235. a b Michaelian, K. (11 March 2011). "Thermodynamic dissipation theory for the origin of life". Earth System Dynamics. 2 (1): 37–51. arXiv: 0907.0042. Bibcode: 2011ESD.....2...37M. doi: 10.5194/esd-2-37-2011. ISSN 2190-4979. S2CID 14574109. In recent years, the thermodynamic interpretation of evolution in relation to entropy has begun to utilize the concept of the Gibbs free energy, rather than entropy. [10] [11] This is because biological processes on Earth take place at roughly constant temperature and pressure, a situation in which the Gibbs free energy is an especially useful way to express the second law of thermodynamics. The Gibbs free energy is given by:

Research concerning the relationship between the thermodynamic quantity entropy and both the origin and evolution of life began around the turn of the 20th century. In 1910, American historian Henry Adams printed and distributed to university libraries and history professors the small volume A Letter to American Teachers of History proposing a theory of history based on the second law of thermodynamics and on the principle of entropy. [1] [2] Added Reward Skills in Missions, so you can add additionally skill name, for future (Mission Advisor feature) This, Schrödinger argues, is what differentiates life from other forms of the organization of matter. In this direction, although life's dynamics may be argued to go against the tendency of the second law, life does not in any way conflict with or invalidate this law, because the principle that entropy can only increase or remain constant applies only to a closed system which is adiabatically isolated, meaning no heat can enter or leave, and the physical and chemical processes which make life possible do not occur in adiabatic isolation, i.e. living systems are open systems. Whenever a system can exchange either heat or matter with its environment, an entropy decrease of that system is entirely compatible with the second law. [7] Schneider, Eric D.; Sagan, Dorion (2005). Into the Cool: Energy Flow Thermodynamics and Life. Chicago, United States: The University of Chicago Press. p.15. Lisa Zyga (11 August 2008). "Evolution as Described by the Second Law of Thermodynamics". Physorg.com . Retrieved 14 August 2008.The general struggle for existence of animate beings is not a struggle for raw materials – these, for organisms, are air, water and soil, all abundantly available – nor for energy which exists in plenty in any body in the form of heat, but a struggle for [negative] entropy, which becomes available through the transition of energy from the hot sun to the cold earth. [3]

In 1863, Rudolf Clausius published his noted memoir On the Concentration of Rays of Heat and Light, and on the Limits of Its Action, wherein he outlined a preliminary relationship, based on his own work and that of William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), between living processes and his newly developed concept of entropy. [ citation needed] Building on this, one of the first to speculate on a possible thermodynamic perspective of organic evolution was the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann. In 1875, building on the works of Clausius and Kelvin, Boltzmann reasoned:Helman, Daniel (28 April 2022). "Finding or Creating a Living Organism? Past and Future Thought Experiments in Astrobiology Applied to Artificial Intelligence" (PDF). Acta Biotheoretica. 70 (13): 13. doi: 10.1007/s10441-022-09438-2. PMID 35482102. S2CID 248394522. Schrödinger, Erwin (1944). What is Life – the Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-42708-1. Increased Maps & Locations resolution till 4k (3840 × 2160) you can change it in bottom left of map Struzik, Tadeusz (1987). "Kepiński's Information Metabolism, Carnot's Principle and Information Theory". International Journal of Neuroscience. 36 (1–2): 105–111. doi: 10.3109/00207458709002144. PMID 3654085. Entropy is well defined for equilibrium systems, so objections to the extension of the second law and of entropy to biological systems, especially as it pertains to its use to support or discredit the theory of evolution, have been stated. [42] [43] Living systems and indeed many other systems and processes in the universe operate far from equilibrium.

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