Jupiter's Travels

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Feng, Fabo; Butler, R. Paul; etal. (August 2022). "3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 262 (21): 21. arXiv: 2208.12720. Bibcode: 2022ApJS..262...21F. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57. S2CID 251864022. a b c d e f g h Williams, David R. (December 23, 2021). "Jupiter Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on December 29, 2019 . Retrieved October 13, 2017. As an author, Ted Simon is an honest as they get. Jupiter’s Travels isn’t a tale of macho bravado but is instead an insight into what happens when a man opens himself up to the world – the loneliness, the friendships, the breakdowns, the loves and the losses. Putting your vulnerabilities down on paper for the world to scrutinise isn’t an easy task. I ask Ted how he dealt with this challenge during such a tumultuous time in his life.

According to the Nice model, infall of proto- Kuiper belt objects over the first 600 million years of Solar System history caused Jupiter and Saturn to migrate from their initial positions into a 1:2 resonance, which caused Saturn to shift into a higher orbit, disrupting the orbits of Uranus and Neptune, depleting the Kuiper belt, and triggering the Late Heavy Bombardment. [35] As the most massive of the eight planets, the gravitational influence of Jupiter has helped shape the Solar System. With the exception of Mercury, the orbits of the system's planets lie closer to Jupiter's orbital plane than the Sun's equatorial plane. The Kirkwood gaps in the asteroid belt are mostly caused by Jupiter, [209] and the planet may have been responsible for the purported Late Heavy Bombardment in the inner Solar System's history. [210]

ONE LAST QUESTION

Jupiter radiates more heat than it receives through solar radiation, due to the Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism within its contracting interior. [65] :30 [66] This process causes Jupiter to shrink by about 1mm (0.039in)/yr. [67] [68] At the time of its formation, Jupiter was hotter and was about twice its current diameter. [69] Internal structure Diagram of Jupiter, its interior, surface features, rings, and inner moons. Jupiter has been called the Solar System's vacuum cleaner [214] because of its immense gravity well and location near the inner Solar System. There are more impacts on Jupiter, such as comets, than on any other planet in the Solar System. [215] For example, Jupiter experiences about 200 times more asteroid and comet impacts than Earth. [61] In the past, scientists believed that Jupiter partially shielded the inner system from cometary bombardment. [61] However, computer simulations in 2008 suggest that Jupiter does not cause a net decrease in the number of comets that pass through the inner Solar System, as its gravity perturbs their orbits inward roughly as often as it accretes or ejects them. [216] This topic remains controversial among scientists, as some think it draws comets towards Earth from the Kuiper belt, while others believe that Jupiter protects Earth from the Oort cloud. [217] The existence of the planet Jupiter has been known since ancient times. It is visible to the naked eye in the night sky and can occasionally be seen in the daytime when the Sun is low. [226] To the Babylonians, this planet represented their god Marduk, [227] chief of their pantheon from the Hammurabi period. [228] They used Jupiter's roughly 12-year orbit along the ecliptic to define the constellations of their zodiac. [227]

Anyone who studies physics or math is familiar with graphs of velocity against time, and they’re familiar with integral calculus, where you compute areas under curves — you compute areas under figures — and if you do that with velocity against time, you get distance traveled by the body,” says astronomical historian Mathieu Ossendrijver. “In modern physics, it’s really unthinkable not to have this method of having integral calculus. It’s just so central to modern physics and modern math.” Ancient Mystery Solved While those who choose to explore the world by motorcycle spend plenty of time planning adventures, big and small, nothing could prepare Ted for the challenge of returning home. Going to California, I did it for the wrong reasons. I did it to save a marriage which was impossible to save, but simply through being there it turned me into a sort of agricultural environmentalist really. The organic farming that I did there was an important thing in my life. I’m not at all sorry about having done it (moved to California), but it was very much a turning point.” Maunder, A. S. D. (August 1934). "The origin of the symbols of the planets". The Observatory. 57: 238–247. Bibcode: 1934Obs....57..238M.Smoluchowski, R. (1971). "Metallic interiors and magnetic fields of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal. 166: 435. Bibcode: 1971ApJ...166..435S. doi: 10.1086/150971.

Jupiter is the only planet whose barycentre with the Sun lies outside the volume of the Sun, though by only 7% of the Sun's radius. [128] [129] The average distance between Jupiter and the Sun is 778millionkm (5.2 AU) and it completes an orbit every 11.86years. This is approximately two-fifths the orbital period of Saturn, forming a near orbital resonance. [130] The orbital plane of Jupiter is inclined 1.30° compared to Earth. Because the eccentricity of its orbit is 0.049, Jupiter is slightly over 75millionkm nearer the Sun at perihelion than aphelion, [2] which means that its orbit is nearly circular. This low eccentricity is at odds with exoplanet discoveries, which have revealed Jupiter-sized planets with very high eccentricities. Models suggest this may be due to there being only two giant planets in our Solar System, as the presence of a third or more giant planets tends to induce larger eccentricities. [131]

Jupiter has a faint planetary ring system composed of three main segments: an inner torus of particles known as the halo, a relatively bright main ring, and an outer gossamer ring. [125] These rings appear to be made of dust, whereas Saturn's rings are made of ice. [65] :65 The main ring is most likely made out of material ejected from the satellites Adrastea and Metis, which is drawn into Jupiter because of the planet's strong gravitational influence. New material is added by additional impacts. [126] In a similar way, the moons Thebe and Amalthea are believed to produce the two distinct components of the dusty gossamer ring. [126] There is evidence of a fourth ring that may consist of collisional debris from Amalthea that is strung along the same moon's orbit. [127] Orbit and rotation Orbit of Jupiter and other outer Solar System planets