Mr. Sticky's Underwater Glue

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The hydrophobic interaction of the hydrophobic segment and the protective layer formed on the periphery of the hydrogel make the hydrogel have high anti-swelling properties. prepared a hydrogel with a hydrophobic layer on the surface by coordinating polydopamine (DA) and SDS with Fe 3+.

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Scientists have identified a mechanism of adhesive proteins in a mussel that controls the surface adhesion and cohesion.The texture analyzer can measure the adhesion strength of the hydrogel through the adhesion test ( Fig. Gel-type hydrogels are elastic semisolids with a certain morphology that can adhere directly to wet surfaces through molecular interactions. Furthermore, the synergy between different adhesion interactions confers different functionalization of the hydrogels for applications in underwater environments. Due to the presence of a large number of hydrogen bonds and dipole–dipole interactions in the hydrogel, an obvious hysteresis loop is formed, which can effectively dissipate energy, and the hydrogels have high tensile toughness and self-recovery properties.

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Carboxyl groups can mainly form hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions, and the ratio of the two intermolecular forces is also related to the protonation of carboxyl groups affected by pH. After the hydrogel adheres to the adherend underwater, the adhesion strength can be tested using a universal testing machine in a dry environment.For hydrophilic surfaces, SDS in the hydrogel can self-regulate its hydrophilic end to attach to the hydrophilic surface and convert the surface to hydrophobic properties, thereby enabling adhesion. Underwater adhesion mechanism for underwater adhesion hydrogels The key to the underwater adhesion of hydrogels lies in the removal of the hydration layer and the formation of covalent bonds/intermolecular forces.