Indianstore24 TRS Red Cow peas -500g

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Cowpeas contain isoleucine which assist to raise the endurance and also fixes the tissue in the muscles and promotes the clotting of the injury. The presences of amino acids enhance the energy. Valine, isoleucine and leucine are three chain of amino acid which enhances the recovery of muscles. It also stabilizes the blood sugar. 0.53 grams Isoleucine, 1.01 grams leucine and 0.63 grams Valine is obtained in one cup of cooked cowpeas. High nutritive value: crude protein in green foliage 14 - 21%, in crop residues 6 - 8%, and in grain 18 - 26%; IVDMD of foliage >80%. IVDMD of residues after grain harvest 55 - 65%. Palatability Olowe, T.; Dina, S.O.; Oladiran, A.O.; Olunuga, B.A. (1987). "The control of weed, pest and disease complexes in cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) by the application of pesticides singly and in combination". Crop Protection. 6 (4): 222–225. doi: 10.1016/0261-2194(87)90042-1. Cowpeas were domesticated in Africa [4] and are one of the oldest crops to be farmed. A second domestication event probably occurred in Asia, before they spread into Europe and the Americas. The seeds are usually cooked and made into stews and curries, or ground into flour or paste.

TW, KU, and YS wrote the review. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Funding The size and shape of the leaves vary greatly, making this an important feature for classifying and distinguishing cowpea varieties. [23] Another distinguishing feature of cowpeas is the long 20–50cm (8–20in) peduncles, which hold the flowers and seed pods. One peduncle can support four or more seed pods. [22] Flower colour varies through different shades of purple, pink, yellow, and white and blue. [21] Potassium, copper, various antioxidants and folate assist to maintain the metabolism health in the people who intake the cowpeas daily. Copper acts as an essential part in functioning 50 different reactions of metabolic enzymes in the body. The reactions of enzymes are vital to maintain the smooth functioning of metabolism. 0.458 mg of copper is present in the cowpeas. Witthöft, C.; Hefni, M. (2016). Encyclopedia of Food and Health. Oxford: Academic Press. pp.724–730. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-384947-2.00300-7. ISBN 978-0-12-384953-3. a b Hamid, Saima; Muzaffar, Sabeera; Wani, Idrees Ahmed; Masoodi, Farooq Ahmad; Bhat, Mohd. Munaf (2016). "Physical and cooking characteristics of two cowpea cultivars grown in temperate Indian climate". Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 15 (2): 127–134. doi: 10.1016/j.jssas.2014.08.002.

Insect pests

The powder made from the seeds is used to treat insect stings. The liquor of cowpea which is cooked with spices is effective for common cold. The worms in the stomach could be eliminated with the boiled cowpea. The roots of other plant if cooked with the seeds, is effective in treating the bilharzias and blood in urine. Consensus Document on Compositional Considerations for New Varieties of COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata): Key Food and Feed Nutrients, Anti-nutrients and Other Constituents, OECD Series on the Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds No. 30

A large morphological diversity is found within the crop, and the growth conditions and grower preferences for each variety vary from region to region. [13] However, as the plant is primarily self-pollinating, its genetic diversity within varieties is relatively low. [19] Cowpeas can either be short and bushy (as short as 20cm or 8in) or act like a vine by climbing supports or trailing along the ground (to a height of 2m or 6ft 7in). [20] [21] The taproot can penetrate to a depth of 2.4m (7ft 10in) after eight weeks. [22] The enzymatic function of SlCYP722C was analyzed in tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum), another representative orobanchol producer. The changes in SlCYP722C gene expressions were similar to that of known SL biosynthetic genes; upregulated under phosphate-deficient conditions that promote SL production. The recombinant enzyme exhibited an activity that was comparable to that of cowpea VuCYP722C. These results further demonstrated the existence of an alternative orobanchol biosynthesis pathway involving CYP722C ( Wakabayashi et al., 2019; Figure 1). The Function of CYP722C in Tomato, a Model Orobanchol Producing Plant Fast growing, annual legume suitable for grazing, hay/ silage, grain, or green manure. Where it grows Rainfall Plant: Forage cowpeas are herbaceous annual legumes, with spreading to fairly erect habit, growing 50 to 100 cm high.Dugje, I. Y.; Omoigui, L. O.; Ekeleme, F.; Kamara, A. Y.; Ajeigbe, H. (2009). "Farmers' Guide to Cowpea Production in West Africa". International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Ibadan, Nigeria. Pasquet, R. S. (1999). "Genetic relationships among subspecies of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. based on allozyme variation". Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 98 (6–7): 1104–1119. doi: 10.1007/s001220051174. S2CID 38331950.

Cowpeas possess threonine which may assists the immune system by promoting the antibodies production. The threonine produces the serine and glycine which is essential for the collage, muscle tissue and elastin production. It maintains the healthy and strong connective muscles and tissues.Cowpeas which are rich in threonine may help to boost your Immune system Sharma, H. C. (1998). "Bionomics, host plant resistance, and management of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata" (PDF). Crop Protection. 7 (5): 373–386. doi: 10.1016/s0261-2194(98)00045-3. When sowing cowpeas or lablab with forage sorghum or millet, sow three quarters of the recommended seeding rate for cowpeas or lablab with one half the recommended rate for forage sorghum or millet. This mixture also makes excellent hay.Rawal, Kanti M. (1975). "Natural hybridization among wild, weedy and cultivated Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp". Euphytica. 24 (3): 699–707. doi: 10.1007/BF00132908. ISSN 0014-2336. S2CID 45539164.

Location, soil type and history of fertiliser application will determine fertiliser needs. Phosphorus The plant is used to make emetics which treats fever and heals urinary schistosomiasis caused due to Schistosoma haematobium. Very fertile soils generally do not require any fertiliser, but on less fertile soils, may require 125 - 250 kg/ha of single superphosphate and 50 - 100 kg/ha muriate of potash, depending on soil analysis. Single superphosphate delivers sulphur as well. Molybdenum may be necessary on very acid soils, and zinc on soils with high pH. Management Maintenance fertliser Besides biotic stresses, cowpea also faces various challenges in different parts of the world such as drought, heat, and cold. [59] Drought lowers the growth rate and development, ultimately reducing yield, although cowpea is considered more drought tolerant than most other crops. [60] Drought at the preflowering stage in cowpea can reduce the yield potential by 360kg/ha. [61] Crop wild relatives are the prominent source of genetic material, which can be tapped to improve biotic/abiotic tolerance in crops. [62] International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria and Institut de l’Environment et de Recherches Agricoles are looking to tap into the genetic diversity of wild cowpeas and transfer that into cultivars to make them more tolerant to different stresses and adaptive to climate change. [63] Culinary use [ edit ] Hoppin' John is a common meal in the rural Southern United States. For a grazing period of 60days, the average number of 300kg steers that can be run on this crop is: 90Cowpeas could be cooked or either steamed after soaking in the water whole night. It is added to the various recipes as well. Along with the pea, chilies, tomatoes and onions could also be added. When well-nodulated, these forage legume crops can fix around 20to140kg residual nitrogen/ha in the soil. Such levels of nitrogen fixation represent the equivalent of around 50–300kg urea fertiliser/ha.