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PETA, protest silk production because silkworms are killed in the process. However, silk production remains one of the cleanest textile industries; mulberry trees do not require fertilizers or pesticides, which means it’s possible to harvest cultivated silk without introducing any toxic chemicals into the environment. Luncheon to Commissioner Shito". The American Silk Journal. Silk Association of America. XXXIV: 32. May 1915. Archived from the original on 23 December 2019 . Retrieved 14 December 2018. Its luster, smooth texture, and different colors make it the perfect fabric when you want to dress for success or to impress. Silk is also used in many fashion accessories helping you complete that fashion look you like to wear. It is a nice fabric to have in your lingerie or bedclothes.

The environmental impact of silk production is potentially large when compared with other natural fibers. A life-cycle assessment of Indian silk production shows that the production process has a large carbon and water footprint, mainly due to the fact that it is an animal-derived fiber and more inputs such as fertilizer and water are needed per unit of fiber produced. [64] Properties Models in silk dresses at the MoMo Falana fashion show Physical properties Silk: History". Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (Sixthed.). Columbia University Press. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Several kinds of wild silk, produced by caterpillars other than the mulberry silkworm, have been known and spun in China, South Asia, and Europe since ancient times, e.g. the production of Eri silk in Assam, India. However, the scale of production was always far smaller than for cultivated silks. There are several reasons for this: first, they differ from the domesticated varieties in colour and texture and are therefore less uniform; second, cocoons gathered in the wild have usually had the pupa emerge from them before being discovered so the silk thread that makes up the cocoon has been torn into shorter lengths; and third, many wild cocoons are covered in a mineral layer that prevents attempts to reel from them long strands of silk. [6] Thus, the only way to obtain silk suitable for spinning into textiles in areas where commercial silks are not cultivated was by tedious and labor-intensive carding. The main Song dynasty achievement in silk production was the perfecting of kesi, an extremely fine silk tapestry woven on a small loom with a needle as a shuttle. The technique appears to have been invented by the Sogdians in Central Asia, improved by the Uighurs, and adapted by the Chinese in the 11th century. The term kesi (literally “cut silk”) derives from vertical gaps between areas of colours, caused by the weft threads not running right across the width; it has also been suggested that the word is a corruption of the Persian qazz or Arabic khazz, referring to silk and silk products. Kesi was used for robes, silk panels, and scroll covers and for translating painting into tapestry. In the Yuan dynasty, panels of kesi were exported to Europe, where they were incorporated into cathedral vestments. Despite advances in production method technologies, silk production still very much remains a labour intensive process, and a lot of hard work is involved. What is silk made of?

How Is Silk Fabric Made?

Stancati, Margherita (4 January 2011). "Taking the Violence Out of Silk". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015 . Retrieved 22 January 2015. Silk producers may perform a variety of post-production processes to create silk yarn that has certain desired attributes, and then the silk yarn is put through a roller to make it more uniform. At this point, the yarn is ready to be woven into a garment or another type of textile. Nash, Eric P. (30 July 1995). "STYLE; Dressed to Kill". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 November 2012 . Retrieved 12 October 2011. Pedigo, Larry P.; Rice, Marlin E. (2014). Entomology and Pest Management: Sixth Edition. Waveland Press. ISBN 978-1478627708.

China's production rate more than doubles all the other silk-producing countries combined. India, Uzbekistan, Brazilian, Thailand, Viet Nam, North Korea, Romania, and Japan all produce sill but not to the extent China does. Before they weave it, most silk textile manufacturers dye their yarn, and they may bleach it. These manufacturers may also stiffen or steam silk to achieve desired attributes.Other than being the most hypoallergenic of all fabrics, silk also won’t irritate sensitive skin. Silk is excellent at keeping your skin hydrated and plump. Silk fabrics have insulating properties, which keeps moisture close to the skin. This decreases your skin’s loss of moisture. Silk fibers are also very smooth in texture, so silk won’t rub on and irritate your skin. These are some of the main reasons why silk pillowcases and sleeping masks have become so popular in recent years. Sleeping on silk can keep your silk hydrated and looking radiant. Other common fabrics like cotton tend to absorb the moisture from your skin, leaving your skin dry. It’s Recyclable and Biodegradable

In the ancient era, silk from China was the most lucrative and sought-after luxury item traded across the Eurasian continent, [24] and many civilizations, such as the ancient Persians, benefited economically from trade. [24]Silk finishing can be done in many different ways, mainly by applying different chemical treatments which can add a host of valuable properties including fire resistance and crease-proofing. Embroidered silk with dragon, phoenix, and tiger pattern, from Mashan Tomb No. 1, 4th–3rd century bce, Zhou dynasty; in the Jingzhou Museum, Hubei province, China. Originally, human beings harvested wild silk to make rudimentary fabrics. While worms spin silk in the wild in parts of China, India, and Europe, wild silk is never available in large enough quantities to satisfy the needs of full-blown textile production. One important job silk was employed to do was be a surface for writing. This took place in about the 5th century BC. Ever since its discovery, silk has been used in fabrics to make elegant clothing for the elite classes of society. China holds a dominant position as the world’s largest silk manufacturer. At 146,000 metric tonnes of silk per year, this East Asian nation vastly outstrips its largest competitor, India, which only produces 28,708 metric tonnes of silk every year.

When men decided that jumping out of a perfectly good airplane was a strategy for battle, silk was called upon to help make those parachutes. Silk was used until nylon was made and replaced for this application. Of course, we are skipping quite a few details including the fact that Lady Hsi Ling Shih may have been a mythical figure in Chinese history. But the origins do not matter as soon, silk became something that elevated China from just another country to holding something wonderful. This is a very long list as just about anywhere other fibers or fabrics go silk can go also. If you have the money, it is possible to replace lesser materials with silk. But some of the more important products that are made with silk include blouses, dresses, shirts, ties, scarves hankies, lingerie, nightclothes, ascots, underwear, and so on.Italy was the most important producer of silk during the Medieval age. The first center to introduce silk production to Italy was the city of Catanzaro during the 11th century in the region of Calabria. The silk of Catanzaro supplied almost all of Europe and was sold in a large market fair in the port of Reggio Calabria, to Spanish, Venetian, Genovese, and Dutch merchants. Catanzaro became the lace capital of the world with a large silkworm breeding facility that produced all the laces and linens used in the Vatican. The city was world-famous for its fine fabrication of silks, velvets, damasks, and brocades. [38] Mahatma Gandhi was critical of silk production because of his Ahimsa (non-violent) philosophy, which led to the promotion of cotton and Ahimsa silk, a type of wild silk made from the cocoons of wild and semi-wild silk moths. [97] See also However, these traditional dyeing methods have almost become extinct in the commercial manufacturing of silk. Advances in technology mean that manufacturers instead opt for using various dyes such as acid dyes or reactive dyes. This gives a greater range of choice in colours and shades to be able to serve wider demand. Silk weaving became a major industry and one of China’s chief exports in the Han dynasty. The caravan route across Central Asia, known as the Silk Road, took Chinese silk to Syria and on to Rome. In the 4th century bce the Greek philosopher Aristotle mentioned that sericulture was practiced on the island of Kos, but the art was evidently lost and reintroduced into Byzantium from China in the 6th century ce. Chinese textiles of Han date have been found in Egypt, in graves in northern Mongolia (Noin-ula), and at Loulan in Chinese Turkistan. Silk was used by Han rulers as diplomatic gifts, as well as to buy off the threatening nomads and to weaken them by giving them a taste of luxury. Did you know? It takes around 2,500 silkworms to produce one pound of raw silk. 2. Thread extraction