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Simply Psychology, Second Edition

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Thus, when we explain our behavior to ourselves or others (conscious mental activity), we rarely give a true account of our motivation. This is not because we are deliberately lying. While human beings are great deceivers of others; they are even more adept at self-deception.

However, behavioral psychologists such as B.F. Skinner have criticized this method as being subjective and unscientific. 2) Freudian Slip People must be prepared to invest a lot of time and money into the therapy; they must be motivated. At the beginning of 1908, the committee had 22 members and was renamed the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud diverged on several key concepts. Jung disagreed with Freud’s view of the unconscious as a repository of repressed desires, proposing a collective unconscious housing shared ancestral memories instead. Jung also redefined libido as a general life force, not merely sexual energy. Furthermore, while Freud saw religion as an illusion, Jung considered it essential to the human experience. These disagreements led to a break between Freud and Jung around 1912-1913, after which Jung developed his own theoretical framework, analytical psychology. Despite their differences, both made substantial and lasting contributions to the field of psychology. Neo-Freudians

Freud sought to understand the nature and variety of these illnesses by retracing the sexual history of his patients. This was not primarily an investigation of sexual experiences as such. Far more important were the patient’s wishes and desires, their experience of love, hate, shame, guilt, and fear – and how they handled these powerful emotions. Freud’s Followers

For example, rather than put on a child’s clothes, a supportive parent should have the patience to allow the child to try until they succeed or ask for assistance. Failure to establish a sense of identity within society (“I don’t know what I want to be when I grow up”) can lead to role confusion. This approach helps foster a sense of industry, competence, and confidence in children, reducing feelings of inferiority. Stage 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion Building Self-Confidence: When caregivers support and encourage a child’s explorations and initiatives, it bolsters their self-confidence. They feel their actions are valuable and significant, which encourages them to take more initiative in the future. Freud attracted many followers, who formed a famous group in 1902 called the “Psychological Wednesday Society.” The group met every Wednesday in Freud’s waiting room.They might discover some painful and unpleasant memories that had been repressed, which causes them more distress. Autonomy: When parents approach toilet training in a patient, supportive manner, allowing the child to learn at their own pace, the child may feel a sense of accomplishment and autonomy. The balance between autonomy and shame and doubt allows the child to understand that while they can’t always control their environment, they can exercise control over their actions and decisions, thus developing self-confidence and resilience. Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt The fifth stage of Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is identity vs. role confusion, and it occurs during adolescence, from about 12-18 years. During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of self and personal identity, through an intense exploration of personal values, beliefs, and goals. Here’s the conflict:

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