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The puff adder ( Bitis arietans) is a highly venomous viper species found in savannahs and grasslands from Morocco and western Arabia throughout Africa except for the Sahara and rainforest regions. [3] It is responsible for causing the most snakebite fatalities in Africa owing to various factors, such as its wide distribution, frequent occurrence in highly populated regions, and aggressive disposition. [4] [5] Like all other vipers, it is venomous. Two subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. [6] The puff adder has an additional survival mechanism that, until now, little has been known about. This is that unlike the other five snake species we tested, it doesn’t carry a scent. This makes it undetectable to even the most-keenly nosed predators. Why smell matters It usually takes between 15 minutes and two hours for puff adder venom to begin to show signs beyond the initial pain and swelling. Juvenile puff adders have smaller bodies, smaller heads and therefore smaller venom glands. They don’t have as much venom as adults, which means they can’t inject as much. What Makes The Puff Adder So Dangerous?
Easily accessible : eroxon stimgel is a gel that is clinically proven to treat erectile dysfunction and is available without prescription. These snakes do well in captivity, but gluttony has been reported. Kauffeld (1969) mentions that specimens can be maintained for years on only one meal per week, but that when offered all they can eat, the result is often death, or at best wholesale regurgitation. [9] They are bad-tempered snakes, and some specimens never settle down in captivity, always hissing and puffing when approached. [5] Venom [ edit ]Boulenger GA. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the...Viperidæ. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers.) xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. ( Bitis arietans, pp.493–495.) The venom has cytotoxic effects [15] and is one of the most toxic of any vipers based on LD 50. [4] The LD 50 values in mice vary: 0.4–2.0mg/kg intravenously, 0.9–3.7mg/kg peritoneally, and 4.4–7.7mg/kg subcutaneously (SC). [16] Mallow et al. (2003) give an LD 50 range of 1.0–7.75mg/kg SC. Venom yield is typically 150–350mg, with a maximum of 750mg. [4] Brown (1973) mentions a venom yield of 180–750mg. [16] About 100mg are thought to be enough to kill a healthy adult human male, with death occurring after 25hours. Access Professional Development. 2022. Puff Adder (Bitis arietans). [Online] Available: https://accesspd.co.za/species/PuffAdder (Accessed: 02/02/2022)
One unusual specimen, described by Branch and Farrell (1988), from Summer Pride, East London, in South Africa, was striped. The pattern consisted of a narrow (one scale wide), pale yellowish stripe that ran from the crown of the head to the tip of the tail. [4] The Puff Adder is widespread over much of southern Africa and further north into Africa. It is a heavy-bodied snake that relies on its excellent camouflage and is reluctant to move. Much of its life is spent in camouflage mode and recent research has shown that when hiding, the Puff Adder will not hiss or strike when approached, as this would give away its presence. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Mallow D, Ludwig D, Nilson G. 2003. True Vipers: Natural History and Toxinology of Old World Vipers. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, Florida. 359 pp. ISBN 0-89464-877-2. The bulk of the Heterodon species diet is made up of rodents and lizards. H. platirhinos is an exception, and specializes in feeding on toads, having an immunity to the toxins that toads secrete. Early pathology in venom-induced consumption coagulopathy by Rhabdophis tigrinus (Yamakagashi snake) envenomation. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 57: 668– 671.)| false• Search Google ScholarDavidson, Terence. "IMMEDIATE FIRST AID". University of California, San Diego. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012 . Retrieved 14 September 2011. How likely are you to die from a puff adder bite? Despite puff adders being responsible for the most snake bite deaths of any snake in Africa, the mortality rate is surprisingly low. In fact the mortality rate for a puff adder bite may be as low as 15% for bites left untreated, though some reports place that number closer to a little over 50%.
They cause the most fatalities in Africa because they are the most common venomous snake, they live in populated areas and they inject a lot of venom when they bite. Rainer PP, Kaufmann P, Smolle-Juettner FM, Krejs GJ (2010). "Case report: Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of puff adder ( Bitis arietans) bite". Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine. 37 (6): 395–398. PMID 21226389. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013 . Retrieved 8 January 2012. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link) Severe puff adder ( Bitis arietans) envenomation with coagulopathy. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 40: 911– 918.)| false• Search Google Scholar a b Kauffeld C. 1969. Snakes: The Keeper and the Kept. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. 248 pp. LCCCN 68-27123.
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Premium quality: via-g max ginseng supplement for men is made with premium quality ingredients that are 100% natural and safe for consumption. the product is manufactured in compliance with hazard analysis critical control point (haccp) standards to ensure consistent quality and safety. Merrem B. 1820. Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien: Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum. J.C. Krieger. Marburg. xv + 191 pp. + 1 plate.
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