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DIMITRY GERRMAN

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The Bundesrat is sometimes referred to as an upper chamber of the German legislature. This is technically incorrect, since the German Constitution defines the Bundestag and Bundesrat as two separate legislative institutions. Hence, the federal legislature of Germany consists of two unicameral legislative institutions, not one bicameral parliament.

After centuries of political fragmentation, a sense of German unity began to emerge in the 18th century. [24] The Holy Roman Empire continued to decline until being dissolved altogether by Napoleon in 1806. In central Europe, the Napoleonic wars ushered in great social, political and economic changes, and catalyzed a national awakening among the Germans. By the late 18th century, German intellectuals such as Johann Gottfried Herder articulated the concept of a German identity rooted in language, and this notion helped spark the German nationalist movement, which sought to unify the Germans into a single nation state. [38] Eventually, shared ancestry, culture and language (though not religion) came to define German nationalism. [31] The Napoleonic Wars ended with the Congress of Vienna (1815), and left most of the German states loosely united under the German Confederation. The confederation came to be dominated by the Catholic Austrian Empire, to the dismay of many German nationalists, who saw the German Confederation as an inadequate answer to the German Question. [43] a b c Moser 2011, pp.171–172. "The Germans live in Central Europe, mostly in Germany... The largest populations outside of these countries are found in the United States (5 million), Brazil (3 million), the former Soviet Union (2 million), Argentina (500,000), Canada (450,000), Spain (170,000), Australia (110,000), the United Kingdom (100,000), and South Africa (75,000). "

5. Reading and Writing in German

German designers became early leaders of modern product design. [269] The Berlin Fashion Week and the fashion trade fair Bread & Butter are held twice a year. [270] Wells, Peter (2004). The Battle That Stopped Rome: Emperor Augustus, Arminius, and the Slaughter of the Legions in the Teutoburg Forest. W. W. Norton & Company. p.13. ISBN 978-0-393-35203-0.

Hoad, T. F. (2003). "German". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/acref/9780192830982.001.0001. ISBN 9780192830982. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021 . Retrieved 22 December 2020. Hotjar sets this cookie to identify a new user’s first session. It stores the true/false value, indicating whether it was the first time Hotjar saw this user. Repräsentation und Integration" (in German). Bundespräsidialamt. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016 . Retrieved 8 March 2016.These peoples had been under the dominance of the western Franks starting with Clovis I, who established control of the Romanized and Frankish population of Gaul in the 5th century, and began a process of conquering the peoples east of the Rhine. The regions long continued to be divided into " Stem duchies", corresponding to the old ethnic designations. [32] The first information about the peoples living in what is now Germany was provided by the Roman general and politician Julius Caesar, who gave an account of his conquest of Gaul in the 1st century BC. Gaul included parts of what is now Germany, west of the Rhine river. He specifically noted the potential future threat which could come from the related people east of the river. Under Caesar's successors, the Romans began to conquer and control the entire region between the Rhine and the Elbe which centuries later constituted the core of medieval Germany. These efforts were significantly hampered by the victory of a local alliance led by Arminius at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD, which is considered a defining moment in German history. [30] The early Germanic peoples were later famously described in more detail in Germania by the 1st century Roman historian Tacitus. At this time, the Germanic peoples, or Germani, were fragmented into a large number of peoples who were frequently in conflict with both the Roman Empire and one another. [31] He described them as a diverse group, dominating a much larger area than Germany, stretching to the Vistula in the east, and Scandinavia in the north. The worldwide Great Depression hit Germany in 1929. Chancellor Heinrich Brüning's government pursued a policy of fiscal austerity and deflation which caused unemployment of nearly 30% by 1932. [67] The Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler became the largest party in the Reichstag after a special election in 1932 and Hindenburg appointed Hitler as chancellor of Germany on 30 January 1933. [68] After the Reichstag fire, a decree abrogated basic civil rights and the first Nazi concentration camp opened. [69] [70] On 23 March 1933, the Enabling Act gave Hitler unrestricted legislative power, overriding the constitution, [71] and marked the beginning of Nazi Germany. His government established a centralised totalitarian state, withdrew from the League of Nations, and dramatically increased the country's rearmament. [72] A government-sponsored programme for economic renewal focused on public works, the most famous of which was the Autobahn. [73]

German gets a bad rap for sounding angry, harsh and guttural. But as you start learning it, you’ll realize there’s plenty of beauty to be found in spoken German. This elegance is particularly appreciated when you learn to speak it!Comme la rubéole est dangereuse pendant la grossesse, dans le temps, les jeunes femmes fiancées essayaient de l'attraper bien avant le mariage. German ethnicity emerged in medieval times among the descendants of the Romanized Germanic peoples in the area of modern western Germany, between the Rhine and Elbe rivers, including Franks, Frisians, Saxons, Thuringii, Alemanni and Baiuvarii. [30]

Cantoni, Davide (2011). "Adopting a New Religion: The Case of Protestantism in 16th Century Germany" (PDF). Barcelona GSE Working Paper Series. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2017 . Retrieved 17 March 2020. Main articles: Demographics of Germany and Germans A bilingual street sign in both German and Lower Sorbian in Cottbus in Brandenburg Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (1998). A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change. Routledge. p. 156. The English term Germans is derived from the ethnonym Germani, which was used for Germanic peoples in ancient times. [24] [25] Since the early modern period, it has been the most common name for the Germans in English. The term Germans may also be applied to any citizens, natives or inhabitants of Germany, regardless of whether they are considered to have German ethnicity.Wells, Peter S. (2011). "The Ancient Germans". In Bonfante, Larissa (ed.). The Barbarians of Ancient Europe. Cambridge University Press. pp.211–232. ISBN 978-0-521-19404-4. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021 . Retrieved 23 December 2020. Hamish Scott; Brendan Simms, eds. (2007). Cultures of Power in Europe during the Long Eighteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-139-46377-5. A German ethnic identity began to emerge during the early medieval period. [57] These peoples came to be referred to by the High German term diutisc, which means "ethnic" or "relating to the people". The German endonym Deutsche is derived from this word. [24] In subsequent centuries, the German lands were relatively decentralized, leading to the maintenance of a number of strong regional identities. [38] [39] It’s never too late or too early to learn how to speak German (known as Deutsch in its motherland) and the benefits of doing so are well worth your time.

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