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If you are new to using PU adhesives, you may be wondering why they have a D in their title. You might be asking just how a D4 PU adhesive is any different to a D3 or D2 adhesive? It might be easy to tell a Tytex 1 kg 30 Min Set PU Adhesive from a Tytex 1 kg D4 PVA Adhesive. However, the D grade stands for durability and is part of the European standard BS EN 204 which governs the classification of wood glues for non-structural applications, and it helps to show how resistant the adhesive is to water. There are four durability gradings specified, so let us look at D1 through D4 adhesives. Durability Classes: D1 Adhesives:
EVERBUILD® D4 Wood Adhesive - Sika EVERBUILD® D4 Wood Adhesive - Sika
If you require a fully “waterproof” adhesive for bonding wood, you will need to use a phenol resorcinol resin system, e.g. Prefere 4050, or a melamine urea resin system e.g. Prefere 4535. DESCRIPTION OF DURABILITY CLASSES D references of adhesives are commonly used to identify the water resistance of wood bonding adhesives, but strictly speaking they relate to the durability of the adhesive, not just the water resistance. The standard used to determine the durability class is EN 204: 2001 –“Classification of thermoplastic wood adhesives for non-structural applications”. If the grade is classified as D4, then that means that it should have gone through the testing to ensure that it does meet the requirements. The full D4 classifcation is set out in the EN 204 standard.
D2 Adhesives
D3: High quality joinery, furniture making and veneering including flat panel lamination with plastic laminates.
D4 PVA and PU What is the difference between D1, D2, D3 and D4 PVA and PU
All PU adhesives which are single component MCPU adhesive are likely to conform to the D4 requirements by default as polyurethane is extremely tough and weather resistant. Another feature to look out for is the shelf life. D4 PVA is less stable than D1, D2, and D3 adhesives and most of them only have a recommended shelf life of 3 months. There are a handful, including Woodstikk D4 PVA,which have a shelf life of 6 months if stored correctly. Practically D1 and D2 are considered to be “interior grade” adhesives and should not be used anywhere where a high level of durability is required.Everbuild D4 Wood Adhesive can be used internally and externally and gives a high strength, water resistant, impact and temperature resistant bond D3 adhesives are often referred to as “water resistant” and D4 adhesives are referred to as “waterproof”. Whilst this gives a simple way of identifying the difference, it is not strictly true to say that D4 is “waterproof”. The official description of the durability classes from the EN204 standard is shown below and this gives context around what you can expect the bond performance to achieve.
D4 Waterproof Wood Adhesive - Bond It
EVERBUILD D4 Wood Adhesive provides the user with a waterproof D4 grade wood adhesive with none of the safety issues associated with conventionalD3 adhesives are considered to be water-resistant. You can use them in interior areas where there is frequent short term exposure to water or moisture and frequent high humidity. Unlike the previous grades of adhesives, you can use D3 outdoors in areas not exposed to the weather. In normal conditions, D3 has a seven-day shelf life with a required bond strength of less than 10 N/mm2. If stored in cold water for four days, it will have a required bond strength of less than 2 N/mm2. After a further seven days of storage, the required bond strength increases to less than 8 N/mm2. D4 Adhesives D2 = Interior with occasional short-term exposure to running or condensed water and/or to occasional high humidity provided the moisture content of the wood does not exceed 18%. D4: Bespoke furniture. High quality joinery, including windows, doors etc. in extreme situations. Timber frame applications including the bonding of chipboard flooring. D1 adhesives are the lowest in terms of durability. These adhesives work in interior areas in which the temperature rarely exceeds 50C. In addition, you can use them on wood with a moisture content up to 15%. They have a storage life of up to seven days in standard room temperatures and humidity. They have a required bond strength of less than 10 N/mm2, and you should use them for external wood bonding. D2 Adhesives
Wood Glue | Wood Adhesive | Adhesives | Screwfix Wood Glue | Wood Adhesive | Adhesives | Screwfix
An additional certification for D4 PVA adhesives which indicate the quality of the grade is whether they comply to EN 14257 (WATT91). This standard tests the heat resistance of the adhesive, butnot all of them comply. Litre Solvent Free External High Grade Industrial D4 Wood Adhesive Based on the latest hybrid resin technology. If the grade is classified as D3, then that means that it should have gone through the testing to ensure that it does meet the requirements, which give it its water reisistance. The full D3classifcation is set out in the EN 204 standard. D4 PU adhesives are often considered to be waterproof. You can use D4 PU adhesives in interior areas where there is frequent long term exposure to water or moisture. You can also use D4 PU adhesives in exterior areas exposed to weather, so long as you apply an adequate surface coating. In normal conditions, D4 PU adhesives have a seven-day shelf life with a required bond strength of less than 10 N/mm2. If you store it in cold water for four days, the required bond strength reduces to less than 4 N/mm2. This required bond strength can be maintained if placed in boiling water for six hours, then cold water for two.
D3 Adhesives
One adhesive does all - our D4 Glue saves time and money for the installation of chipboard flooring. The next step up on the durability scale are D2 adhesives. Like D1 adhesives, you should only use D2 glues for indoor work. These adhesives can cope with occasional short term exposure to water or moisture and temporary high humidity. However, the moisture content of the wood must not exceed 18%. D2 has a seven-day shelf life in normal conditions and has a required bond strength of less than 10 N/mm2. If submerged in cold water for three hours and stored for a further seven days, however, D2 has a required bond strength of less than 8 N/mm2. D3 Adhesives D3 = Interior with frequent short-term exposure to running or condensed water and/or to heavy exposure to high humidity. Exterior not exposed to weather. Suitable for interior and exterior use, once applied D4 Chipboard Flooring Glue produces a foaming action causing the adhesive to foam out of the joints creating a ridge that enhances the protection of the joint – this can be easily removed once the floor is complete leaving a rigid bond that helps prevent squeaky floor boards. Ideal for all general woodworking and joinery uses, assembly line work, RF HF cure systems, wood on wood laminating, furniture assembly and house hold DIY use.
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