The Betrayer: How An Undercover Unit Infiltrated The Global Drug Trade

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Thus, there is a school of thought within the Catholic Church that it is unknown whether Judas Iscariot is in Hell; for example, David Endres, writing in The Catholic Telegraph, cites Catechism of the Catholic Church §597 for the inability to make any determination whether Judas is in Hell. [97] However, while that section of the catechism does instruct Catholics that the personal sin of Judas is unknown but to God, that statement is within the context that the Jewish people have no collective responsibility for Jesus's death: "... the Jews should not be spoken of as rejected or accursed as if this followed from holy Scripture." [98] This seems to be defining a different doctrinal point (i.e., the relationship of Catholics with Jewish people), rather than making any sort of decision concerning Judas's particular judgment. I love the fact that the story was set over four decades and this just made the reality set in even further. I almost had a longing to find out what was going to happen and was annoyed that I couldn't read faster. There's something about the character's from the East-End, they are always larger than life....salt of the earth.....where a spade is a spade!! The Story of Judas is Unveiled at BOOM! Studios". 13 September 2017. Archived from the original on 8 April 2018 . Retrieved 9 April 2018.

Saving your people will not bring you peace, only make the burden you carry worse." ― The Betrayer to the Doom Slayer [src] The phrase originates from the use of the word cross in the sense of foul play: deliberate collusion to cause someone to lose a contest of some kind.Ehrman argues that Judas's betrayal "is about as historically certain as anything else in the tradition", [4] [17] pointing out that the betrayal is independently attested in the Gospel of Mark, in the Gospel of John, and in the Book of Acts. [4] [17] Ehrman also contends that it is highly unlikely that early Christians would have made up the story of Judas's betrayal, since it reflects poorly on Jesus's judgement in choosing him as an apostle. [4] [34] Nonetheless, Ehrman argues that what Judas actually told the authorities was not Jesus's location, but rather Jesus's secret teaching that he was the Messiah. [4] This, he holds, explains why the authorities did not try to arrest Jesus prior to Judas's betrayal. [4] John P. Meier sums up the historical consensus, stating, "We only know two basic facts about [Judas]: (1) Jesus chose him as one of the Twelve, and (2) he handed over Jesus to the Jerusalem authorities, thus precipitating Jesus's execution." [35] Death [ edit ] 16th-century fresco from Tarzhishte Monastery, Strupets, Bulgaria, showing Judas hanging himself as described in Matthew 27:1–10 Brown, Raymond E. (1994). The Death of the Messiah: From Gethsemane to the Grave: A Commentary on the Passion Narratives in the Four Gospels v.1 pp. 688–92. New York: Doubleday/The Anchor Bible Reference Library. ISBN 0-385-49448-3; Meier, John P. A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus (2001). v. 3, p. 210. New York: Doubleday/The Anchor Bible Reference Library. ISBN 0-385-46993-4.

The Gospels suggest that Jesus foresaw ( John 6:64, Matthew 26:25) and allowed Judas's betrayal ( John 13:27–28). [73] One explanation is that Jesus allowed the betrayal because it would allow God's plan to be fulfilled. Another is that regardless of the betrayal, Jesus was ultimately destined for crucifixion. [74] In April 2006, a Coptic papyrus manuscript titled the Gospel of Judas from 200 AD was translated, suggesting that Jesus told Judas to betray him, [75] although some scholars question the translation. [76] [77] Nevertheless, the Gospel of Judas is an apocryphal Gnostic Gospel composed in the 2nd century and some scholars agree that it contains no real historical information. [78] According to the Gospel of John, Jesus informed his disciples during the Last Supper that one of them will betray him. When they asked who it would be, Jesus said “It is the one to whom I give this piece of bread when I have dipped it in the dish.” He then dipped a piece of bread in a dish and handed it to Judas, identified as the “son of Simon Iscariot.” After Judas received the piece of bread, “Satan entered into him.” (John 13:21-27).Many different accounts of Judas's death have survived from antiquity, both within and outside the New Testament. [36] [37] Matthew 27:1–10 states that, after learning that Jesus was to be crucified, Judas was overcome by remorse and attempted to return the 30 pieces of silver to the priests, but they would not accept them because they were blood money, so he threw them on the ground and left. Afterwards, he committed suicide by hanging himself [38] according to Mosaic law ( Deuteronomy 21:22–23 [39]). The priests then used the money to buy a potter's field, which became known as Akeldama (חקל דמא – khakel dama) – the Field of Blood – because it had been bought with blood money. [38] Acts 1:18 states that Judas used the money to buy a field, [38] [40] and "[fell] headlong... burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels gushed out." [38] In this account, Judas's death is apparently by accident [38] and he shows no signs of remorse. [38] Valerius Gratus – Roman governor of Judea who appointed Joseph ben Caiaphas to become Jewish High Priest. An act of betrayal creates a constellation of negative behaviours, thoughts, and feelings in both its victims and its perpetrators. The interactions are complex. The victims exhibit anger and confusion, and demand atonement from the perpetrator, who in turn may experience guilt or shame, and exhibit remorse. If, after the perpetrator has exhibited remorse or apologized, the victim continues to express anger, this may in turn cause the perpetrator to become defensive, and angry in turn. Acceptance of betrayal can be exhibited if victims forgo the demands of atonement and retribution; but is only demonstrated if the victims do not continue to demand apologies, repeatedly remind the perpetrator or perpetrators of the original act, or ceaselessly review the incident over and over again. It has also been suggested that the term was inspired by the practice of 18th-century British thief taker and criminal Jonathan Wild, who kept a ledger of his transactions and is said to have placed two crosses by the names of persons who had cheated him in some way. This folk etymology is almost certainly incorrect, but there is documentary evidence that the term did exist in the 19th century. Susan Gubar, Judas: A Biography (W. W. Norton & Company, 2009) pp. 298–99 (referring to several books, including this one).

Representations and symbolism [ edit ] A red-haired Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss in a Spanish paso figure. Judas then went on his own to the priests of the Temple, the religious authorities at the time, and offered to betray Jesus in exchange for money—30 pieces of silver, as specified in the Gospel of Matthew. Like the Gospel of John, the Gospel of Luke also cited Satan’s influence, rather than mere greed, as a reason for Judas’s betrayal. John, however, made clear that Judas was an immoral man even before the devil got into him: He kept the “common purse,” the fund that Jesus and his disciples used for their ministry, and stole from it. Although Judas Iscariot's historical existence is generally widely accepted among secular historians, [4] [5] [6] [7] this relative consensus has not gone entirely unchallenged. [5] The earliest possible allusion to Judas comes from the First Epistle to the Corinthians 11:23–24, in which Paul the Apostle does not mention Judas by name, [8] [9] but uses the passive voice of the Greek word paradídōmi (παραδίδωμι), which most Bible translations render as "was betrayed": [8] [9] "...the Lord Jesus on the night when he was betrayed took a loaf of bread..." [8] Nonetheless, some biblical scholars argue that the word paradídōmi should be translated as "was handed over". [8] [9] This translation could still refer to Judas, [8] [9] but it could also instead refer to God metaphorically "handing Jesus over" to the Romans. [8] Adams, Byron, ed. (2007), Edward Elgar and His World, Princeton University Press, pp.140–41, ISBN 978-0-691-13446-8Ehrman, Bart D. (2016). Jesus Before the Gospels: How the Earliest Christians Remembered, Changed, and Invented their Stories of the Savior. New York City: HarperOne. ISBN 978-0-06-228520-1. Freyd, J. J ., Klest, B., & Allard, C. B. (2005) Betrayal trauma: Relationship to physical health, psychological distress, and a written disclosure intervention. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 6(3), 83-104. A competitor participating in the fix who has agreed to throw their game instead competes as usual, against the original intention of their collaborators– one "cross" against another. The name "Judas" ( Ὶούδας) is a Greek rendering of the Hebrew name Judah ( יהודה, Y ehûdâh, Hebrew for "praise or praised"), which was an extremely common name for Jewish men during the first century AD, due to the renowned hero Judas Maccabeus. [17] [9] Consequently, numerous other figures with this name are mentioned throughout the New Testament. [14] [17] [9] In the Gospel of Mark 3:13–19, which was written in the mid-60s or early 70s AD, Judas Iscariot is the only apostle named "Judas". [9] Matthew 10:2–4 shares this portrayal. [9] The Gospel of Luke 6:12–19, however, replaces the apostle whom Mark and Matthew call " Thaddeus" with "Judas son of James". [9] Peter Stanford suggests that this renaming may represent an effort by the author of the Gospel of Luke to create a "good Judas" in contrast to the betrayer Judas Iscariot. [9] Judas's epithet "Iscariot" ( Ὶσκάριωθ or Ὶσκαριώτης), which distinguishes him from the other people named "Judas" in the gospels, is usually thought to be a Greek rendering of the Hebrew phrase איש־קריות, ( Κ-Qrîyôt), meaning "the man from Kerioth". [17] [9] [18] This interpretation is supported by the statement in the Gospel of John 6:71 that Judas was "the son of Simon Iscariot". [9] Nonetheless, this interpretation of the name is not fully accepted by all scholars. [17] [9] One of the most popular alternative explanations holds that "Iscariot" ( ܣܟܪܝܘܛܐ, 'Skaryota' in Syriac Aramaic, per the Peshitta text) may be a corruption of the Latin word sicarius, meaning "dagger man", [17] [9] [19] [20] which referred to a member of the Sicarii ( סיקריים in Aramaic), a group of Jewish rebels who were known for committing acts of terrorism in the 40s and 50s AD by assassinating people in crowds using long knives hidden under their cloaks. [17] [9] This interpretation is problematic, however, because there is nothing in the gospels to associate Judas with the Sicarii, [9] and there is no evidence that the cadre existed during the 30s AD when Judas was alive. [21] [9]

extraordinaryform.org/propers/Lent6thThursday-HolyD20.pdf". Extraordinary Form.org . Retrieved 28 December 2022.Feinberg, John S.; Basinger, David (2001). Predestination & free will: four views of divine sovereignty & human freedom. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Kregel Publications. p.91. ISBN 978-0-8254-3489-1. Phillips, John (1986). Exploring the gospel of John: an expository commentary. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-87784-567-6. a b c Taylor, Joan E. (2010). "The name 'Iskarioth' (Iscariot)". Journal of Biblical Literature. 129 (2): 367–83. doi: 10.2307/27821024. JSTOR 27821024. Gubar, Susan (2009). Judas: A Biography. New York City and London, England: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06483-4. Valen henceforth became known as the Betrayer. As self-inflicted punishment for his sacrilege, he banished himself forever to the Hellscape. His fortified dwelling can be found not far from the Nekravol his comrades died fighting to destroy. In the course of Doom Eternal, the Betrayer helps the Doom Slayer by powering up a component for the Celestial Locator, a device which can find the Hell priests. In addition, in hopes of laying both his son's soul and his own to rest, he gifts the Slayer a special dagger designed to destroy the heart of the Icon of Sin. The Slayer later uses this weapon successfully at Urdak, preventing the Khan Maykr from taking control of the Icon.