El Reino Dividido / They Were Divided (Trilogia Transilvana / Transylvanian Trilogy, 3)

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After the suppression of the Budai Nagy Antal-revolt in 1437, the political system was based on Unio Trium Nationum (The Union of the Three Nations). According to the Union, which was explicitly directed against serfs and other peasants, society was ruled by three privileged Estates of the Nobility (mostly ethnic Hungarians), the Székelys, also an ethnic Hungarian people who primarily served as warriors, and the ethnic German, Saxon burghers. Stephen I". Encyclopedia of World Biography. 14: 427–428. 2004 – via Gale Virtual Reference Library. Cluj-Napoca is today considered to be the region's spiritual capital, although Transylvania was also ruled from Alba Iulia during its period as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire, and from Sibiu, where the Habsburg governor was located from 1711 to 1848. The seat of the Transylvanian Diet was itself moved to Sibiu for some time in the nineteenth century. Transylvania was eventually reabsorbed into Hungary in 1867. After Austro-Hungary’s defeat in World War I, the Romanians of Transylvania demanded the principality’s union with Romania. The union was completed in 1947, the same year a communist regime overthrew the Romanian monarchy. In 1989, a national uprising replaced this regime with a democratic style of governance. Travelling to Transylvania

Following the publication of Emily Gerard's The Land Beyond the Forest (1888), Bram Stoker wrote his gothic horror novel Dracula in 1897, using Transylvania as a setting. With its success, Transylvania became associated in the English- and Spanish-speaking world with vampires. Since then it has been represented in fiction and literature as a land of mystery and magic. For example, in Paulo Coelho's novel The Witch of Portobello, the main character, Sherine Khalil, is described as a Transylvanian orphan with a Romani mother, in an effort to add to the character's exotic mystique. [ citation needed] The so-called Transylvanian trilogy of historical novels by Miklós Bánffy, The Writing on the Wall, is an extended treatment of the 19th- and early 20th-century social and political history of the country. Among the first actors to portray Dracula in film was Bela Lugosi, who was born in Lugos (now Lugoj), in present-day Romania. There is also an American animated movie franchise called Hotel Transylvania. The Principality of Transylvania is also a playable nation in Europa Universalis IV. In its early history, the territory of Transylvania belonged to a variety of empires and states, including Dacia, the Roman Empire, the Hun Empire and the Gepid Kingdom. [3] There were also periods when autonomous political entities arose under the control of the Byzantine and the Bulgarian Empire. [4] As a political entity, (Southern) Transylvania is mentioned from the twelfth century as a county (Alba) of the Kingdom of Hungary (M. princeps ultrasilvanus - comes Bellegratae). Transylvania's seven counties were brought under the voivode's (count of Alba Iulia) rule in 1263. Lendvai, Paul (2003). The Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat. C. Hurst. p.146. ISBN 978-1-85065-682-1. Clasificarea spitalelor" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04 . Retrieved 2016-01-21. a b "Apuseni Caves". Itsromania.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-16 . Retrieved 2012-07-30.

5. Kornis Castle

Outside Romania, Transylvania is strongly associated with Bram Stoker's novel Dracula while within Romania and Hungary the region is known for the scenic beauty of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history. Transylvania has been home to a variety of ethnic groups, which have traditionally lived together in harmony. In the sixteenth century, following the Protestant Reformation, it was characterized by religious tolerance that had no parallel at the time. Some of Transylvania's historical communities are, however, agitating for greater autonomy within Romania. Ethnic identity was suppressed during the communist period (1947-1989) submerged within a national identity. Where ethnic groups demand autonomy or self-governance, one solution is to allow the formation of smaller units which can then cooperate with others within a larger trans-national entity. Of course, few nations willingly agree to allow provinces or regions to secede. One solution is for the creation of more local governance across the globe within the contexts of larger structures such as the EU, which Romania joined in 2007, since it can be argued that as long as nation-states remain the main unit of political organization, justice and equality will elude the human race. Microsoft Word – REZULTATE DEFINITIVE RPL2011.doc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-17 . Retrieved 2018-04-17.

a b "Transylvania". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2008 . Retrieved 2008-08-01. Köpeczi, Béla (ed.). History of Transylvania. Boulder, CO: Atlantic Research and Publications, Inc, 2001-2002.Scholars have suggested that Bram Stoker’s fictional vampire, Dracula, was based on the very real Transylvanian-born Vlad III Dracula or Vlad the Impaler, the voivode of Wallachia in the 15th century. Vlad III Dracula, the Impaler, 15th century voivode of Wallachia. Photo source. The earliest known reference to Transylvania appears in a Medieval Latin document of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1075 as "ultra silvam", in the Gesta Hungarorum as "terra ultrasilvana", meaning "land beyond the forest" ( "terra" means land, "ultra" means "beyond" or "on the far side of" and the accusative case of "silva", "si

Transylvania". Columbia Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 2008-09-05 . Retrieved 2008-11-18. Since 1998, Romania has been divided into eight development regions, acting as divisions that coordinate and implement socio-economic development at regional level. Six counties (Alba, Brașov, Covasna, Harghita, Mureș and Sibiu) form the Centru development region, another six (Bihor, Bistrița-Năsăud, Cluj, Maramureș, Satu Mare, Sălaj) form the Nord-Vest development region, while four (Arad, Caraș-Severin, Hunedoara, Timiș) form the Vest development region. Lucian Boia, History and myth in Romanian consciousness. (Budapest, HU: Central European University Press,2001, ISBN 9780585419466), 222.This golden age and relative independence of Transylvania ended with the reign of George II Rákóczi. The prince, coveting the Polish crown, allied with Sweden and invaded Poland in spite of the Turkish Porte (Sultan) clearly prohibiting any military action. Rákóczi's defeat in Poland, combined with the subsequent invasions of Transylvania by the Turks and their Crimean Tatar allies, the ensuing loss of territory (most importantly, the loss of the most important Transylvanian stronghold, Oradea) and diminishing manpower led to the complete subordination of Transylvania, which now became a powerless vassal of the Ottoman Empire.