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For instance, Seattle’s EMC ranges from 12.2% to 16.5%. In the Midwest, the EMC of wood or lumber in Des Moines, Iowa, ranges from 12.4% to 14.9%. If an interior location has an average RH of 40-52%, wood placed there will have an average EMC of 8-9%. This is based on a Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material chart.

Using wood with a moisture content above 14% isn’t recommended because it may have detrimental long-term effects on the construction. Five Stories Tall and Made of Wood by C. J. Hughes. The New York Times, 17 January 2020. Renewed interest in timber-framed buildings reflects our climate-conscious times. Record, Samuel James (1914). The Mechanical Properties of Wood: Including a Discussion of the Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties, and Methods of Timber Testing. J. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated. p. 51. The term heartwood derives solely from its position and not from any vital importance to the tree as a tree can thrive with heart completely decayed.The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese) by weight. [31] Wood also contains sulfur, chlorine, silicon, phosphorus, and other elements in small quantity. a b c Record, Samuel J (1914). The Mechanical Properties of Wood. J. Wiley & Sons. p.165. ASIN B000863N3W.

For example, if the expected EMC ranges from a low of 6% to a high of 9%, the baseline moisture content of the wood would be 7.5%. Binggeli, Corky (2013). Materials for Interior Environments. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-118-42160-4. Using a moisture meter before painting can help you determine the moisture content of the wood. The interior wood moisture level should be 12% or lower before painting.Yesterday, in our pantry, I discovered a 2.5 gallon Arrowhead plastic water container on the floor had been leaking. Christina Bienhold; Petra Pop Ristova; Frank Wenzhöfer; Thorsten Dittmar; Antje Boetius (January 2, 2013). "How Deep-Sea Wood Falls Sustain Chemosynthetic Life". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e53590. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...853590B. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053590. PMC 3534711. PMID 23301092. The effect of rate of growth on the qualities of chestnut wood is summarized by the same authority as follows: Photo: This fence pole was once a tree—and you can still clearly see the annual growth rings if you look down on it from above.

The Encyclopedia of Wood by U.S. Department of Agriculture. Echo Point, 2017. A detailed technical reference for people architects, builders, and others who use wood in construction. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( August 2016) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)a b Samuel James Record (1914). The mechanical properties of wood, including a discussion of the factors affecting the mechanical properties, and methods of timber testing. J. Wiley & sons, inc. pp. 44–. Jean-Pierre Barette; Claude Hazard et Jérôme Mayer (1996). Mémotech Bois et Matériaux Associés. Paris: Éditions Casteilla. p.22. ISBN 978-2-7135-1645-0. Brilliant article. Is it possible to get a 99.9% moisture reading (using a Cassain GM-200 hydrometer) on a particle board floor which looks and feels completely dry? The floor (under carpet) had long-term water exposure supposedly from a shower in the adjacent bathroom (according to the plumber). The plumber said that the floor has an elevated moisture reading and took a photo showing the 99.9% (maximum reading) on the meter while the meter was on the floor. There are water stains on the particle board floor, but the flooring felt completely dry a few minutes after the reading was taken (I didn’t see the reading being taken), the floor looks dry in the plumber’s photo, the particle board flooring is not noticeably swollen, and it certainly has no flaking or other signs of disintegration or lessening to its structural integrity. I would have thought that if the floor gave a 99.9% water saturation reading, it would have had to have been noticeably wet. Heartwood (or duramen [12]) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation is a genetically programmed process that occurs spontaneously. Some uncertainty exists as to whether the wood dies during heartwood formation, as it can still chemically react to decay organisms, but only once. [13]

The wood is mostly grown within 100km (60 miles) of the plant, and a lot comes from wood industry offcuts Photo: Right/below: Softwood comes from evergreen conifers, like this pine, which has needles that stay on all year and cones (inset). Prior to the re-shim, the pier in the area that floods in the spring could be felt pushing up the floor, meaning the beam is warping and been monitoring it. This week, I notice the next pier on the same beam is starting to push up, warping the floor. Knowing were all the piers are, I can stand on top and feel a small hump in the floors. You can hardly see the humps except the first pier that popped up ¼”.

If this is confusing, don’t worry. The chart below will clear things up. Notice that the EMC of the in-use location is the same as the MC: Humidity of the in-use Biomass is better for the environment because the trees take in as much carbon dioxide when they grow When a tree is very young it is covered with limbs almost, if not entirely, to the ground, but as it grows older some or all of them will eventually die and are either broken off or fall off. Subsequent growth of wood may completely conceal the stubs which will remain as knots. No matter how smooth and clear a log is on the outside, it is more or less knotty near the middle. Consequently, the sapwood of an old tree, and particularly of a forest-grown tree, will be freer from knots than the inner heartwood. Since in most uses of wood, knots are defects that weaken the timber and interfere with its ease of working and other properties, it follows that a given piece of sapwood, because of its position in the tree, may well be stronger than a piece of heartwood from the same tree. New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials.