Fortress of the Muslim (Pocket Size)

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Over subsequent years the Alhambra was further damaged. Between 1810 and 1812 Granada was occupied by Napoleon's army during the Peninsular War. [64] The French troops, under the command of Count Sebastiani, [65] occupied the Alhambra as a fortified position and caused significant damage to the monument. [66] Upon evacuating the city, they attempted to dynamite the whole complex to prevent it from being re-used as a fortified position. They successfully blew up eight towers before the remaining fuses were disabled by Spanish soldier José Garcia, whose actions saved what remains today. [66] In 1821, an earthquake caused further damage. [65] Recovery and modern restorations [ edit ] A Court in the Alhambra at the Time of the Moors, Edwin Lord Weeks, 1876 The main approach to the Alhambra today is through the Alhambra Woods in the valley on its south side. The outer entrance to the woods is through the Puerta de las Granadas ('Gate of the Pomegranates'), a formal Renaissance-style gate built in 1536 over the remains of an earlier Islamic-era gate. [219] Within the woods is the Puerta de Birambla (from Arabic Bab al-Ramla), one of the former Islamic-era gates in Granada's city walls which was demolished between 1873 and 1884 and then reconstructed here in 1933. [220] To the south of the Puerta de las Granadas are the Torres Bermejas ('Vermilion Towers'), a group of three adjacent towers on the Mauror Hill. Their origin is not clear, but the oldest remains found here date from the late 8th century or early 9th century. [221] They may have been inhabited by Muhammad I (the founder of the Nasrid dynasty). In the 16th century, during the Christian Spanish era, an artillery bastion was added to them on the northwest side. [222] In 1976, filmmaker Christopher Nupen filmed The Song of the Guitar at the Alhambra which was an hour-long program featuring the legendary Spanish guitarist, Andrés Segovia. Vincent, Bernard (2021). "1492: From Islamic to Christian Granada". In Boloix-Gallardo, Bárbara (ed.). A Companion to Islamic Granada. Brill. pp.164–182. ISBN 978-90-04-42581-1.

The layout of the baths had a typical sequence of rooms, including a changing room ( bayt al-maslak͟h in Arabic), a cold room ( bayt al-barid), and a hot room ( bayt al-sak͟hun). [209] Behind the hot room there would have been a boiler room where water was heated and firewood stored nearby. Original fragments of tile and stucco decoration, as well as part of the marble flooring, have been preserved in some of the rooms. The hot room has one small pool and another may have existed where a modern fountain stands today. [209] However, unlike in Christian and earlier Greco-Roman culture, Muslims generally did not favour swimming or immersion in water for their visits to the baths. [210] [211] Private baths, of varying size and importance, were also built as part of the Alhambra's palaces. [13] [212] Rawda (Nasrid mausoleum) [ edit ] Remains of the Rawda mausoleum today (with the Palace of the Lions standing behind it) Court of the Myrtles". Alhambra de Granada. Archived from the original on 27 March 2016 . Retrieved 18 February 2022. Mathematics in Art and Architecture". Math.nus.edu.sg. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015 . Retrieved 4 April 2012.Epigraphic samples from the Court of the Myrtles: what Muhammad Kurd Ali described as Andalusi mushabbak (sinuous) script ( خط أندلسي مُشَبَّك), or what Western sources refer to as Nasrid cursive (left and center images) [119] and floral Kufic script (right). Main structures [ edit ] Entrance gates [ edit ] The Puerta de la Justicia (Gate of Justice), the main southern gate to the Alhambra, built by Yusuf I in 1348

The canal was known as the Sāqiyat al-Sulṭān in Arabic ( Arabic: ساقية السلطان, lit.'canal of the sultan'; Spanish: Acequia del Sultan), but after the Nasrid period it became known in Spanish as the Acequia del Rey ('Canal of the King') or the Acequia Real ('Royal Canal'). [36] Fernández Puertas, Antonio (1998). The Alhambra. Vol 2: (1354–1391). Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-467-3. a b c d e f Puerta Vílchez, José Miguel; Núñez Guarde, Juan Agustín (2011). Reading the Alhambra: a visual guide to the Alhambra through its inscriptions. Granada, Spain: Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife: Edilux. ISBN 978-84-86827-62-5. OCLC 828680669. a b c d e f g h i j k M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Granada". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911.Three other major Nasrid-era palaces once existed but were largely destroyed over the centuries. The excavated remains of the Palacio del Partal Alto ('Upper Partal Palace'), also known as the Palacio del Conde del Tendilla ('Palace of the Count of Tendilla'), are incorporated today into the Partal Gardens. The palace dates from the time of Muhammad II, with later renovations and modifications, and is the oldest palace in the Alhambra of which traces have been found. [39] Courtyard of Lindaraja Architecture [ edit ] General design [ edit ] Mullioned windows of the Hall of the Two Sisters in the Alhambra, by Jean Laurent, c. 1874. Stucco decoration can be seen on the upper walls while geometric tile mosaic is seen below. García Porras, Alberto (2020). "Productive Activities and Material Culture". In Fábregas, Adela (ed.). The Nasrid Kingdom of Granada between East and West: (Thirteenth to Fifteenth Centuries). Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-44359-4. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022 . Retrieved 11 February 2022. Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300218701. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022 . Retrieved 15 November 2021.

a b c McSweeney, Anna (2015). "Versions and Visions of the Alhambra in the Nineteenth-Century Ottoman World". West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture. 22 (1): 44–69. doi: 10.1086/683080. ISSN 2153-5531. JSTOR 10.1086/683080. S2CID 194180597. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sourcesin this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Further information: Palacio del Partal Alto and Palace of the Convent of San Francisco The Convent of Saint Francis was built over the remains of a former Nasrid palace. The building is now a Parador (state-owned hotel). M. Bloom, Jonathan; S. Blair, Sheila, eds. (2009). "Architecture; VI. c. 1250–c. 1500; D. Western Islamic lands". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195309911.

a b Brown, Jonathan (1986). "Review of The Palace of Charles V in Granada". The American Historical Review. 91 (5): 1219–1220. doi: 10.2307/1864465. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1864465. Archived from the original on 9 February 2022 . Retrieved 9 February 2022.

The Contreras family members continued to be the most important architects and conservators of the Alhambra up until 1907. [69] During this period they generally followed a theory of "stylistic restoration", which favoured the construction and addition of elements to make a monument "complete" but not necessarily corresponding to any historical reality. They added elements which they deemed to be representative of what they thought was an "Arabic style", emphasizing the Alhambra's purported " Oriental" character. For example, in 1858–1859 Rafael Contreras and Juan Pugnaire added Persian-looking spherical domes to the Court of the Lions and to the northern portico of the Court of the Myrtles, even though these had nothing to do with Nasrid architecture. [69] [70]King Kong, 2005". The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations. Archived from the original on 20 May 2017 . Retrieved 27 May 2017. The governorship of the Tendilla-Mondéjar family came to an end in 1717–1718, when Philip V confiscated the family's properties in the Alhambra and dismissed the Marquis of Mondéjar, José de Mendoza Ibáñez de Segovia (1657–1734), from his position as mayor ( alcaide) of the Alhambra, in retaliation for the Marquis opposing him in the War of the Spanish Succession. [62] The departure of the Tendilla-Mondéjar family marked the beginning of the Alhambra's most severe period of decline. During this period the Spanish state dedicated few resources to it and its management was taken over by self-interested local governors who lived with their families inside the neglected palaces. [63] After Owen Jones published Plans, Elevations, Sections and Details of the Alhambra in London from 1842 to 1845, a fanciful, ornamental, Alhambra-inspired Orientalist architectural style called Alhambresque became popular in the West in the 18th–19th centuries. [234] The style was later absorbed in the Ottoman world, in what Ussama Makdisi called "Ottoman Orientalism." [234] López, Jesús Bermúdez (2011). The Alhambra and the Generalife: Official Guide. TF Editores. ISBN 9788492441129.