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Calyx teeth at anthesis widely spreading to reflexed; corolla lobes generally glabrous abaxially (rarely slightly pubescent in Oaxacan plants); first sympodial unit well-developed above ground, the plant body usually erect; widespread in SE Mexico and Guatemala

Corolla lilac, violet or light purple, with maroon to purple nectar guides; corolla lobes glabrous or pubescent abaxially; plant body erect, decumbent or prostrate with first sympodial unit sometimes not well developed above ground; first branching point on the plant body dichasial, second sympodial branching point sometimes monochasial Furcate (forked) trichomes (Fig. ​ (Fig.3E) 3E) resemble simple trichomes but are forked at the tip. Dendritic trichomes (Fig. ​ (Fig.3F) 3F) are repeatedly forked with no more than two branches per node. Stellate, multangulate-stellate (Fig. 3G, H), and geminate-stellate (Fig. ​ (Fig.3I) 3I) trichomes have more than two branches per node, and these whorled branches are called rays. True stellate trichomes are uncommon in the species included here (mainly seen in Lycianthes hypoleuca); true stellate trichomes have all rays emerging at just one node, with the rays in one plane. Multangulate-stellate trichomes have all rays emerging at just one node, but the rays are in more than one plane. In several species, the rays of the multangulate-stellate trichomes may be rebranched (Fig. ​ (Fig.3H) 3H) ( Dean et al. 2019a). In the species that have multangulate-stellate trichomes with rebranched rays, trichomes with both unbranched and rebranched rays are present, and the intermediate forms can be seen, which is why we do not refer to these trichomes as dendritic. Geminate-stellate trichomes have rays emerging at numerous consecutive nodes; in the species covered in this paper, geminate-stellate trichomes often have numerous rays per node (more than five) and the rays are relatively short (Fig. ​ (Fig.3I). 3I). We are using the term geminate-stellate trichomes, as we are following the terminology of Roe (1968, 1971); however, some authors refer to these trichomes as candelabra trichomes ( Payne 1978). Indument of multangulate-stellate trichomes with 3–5 rays at a node, the rays often rebranched, the individual trichomes with a branching tree-like appearance (easily seen on both sides of the leaf); calyx appendages linear, usually narrowed at the tip; corolla stellate in outline, usually divided to 1/2 (rarely 2/3) of the way to the base, with abundant interpetalar tissue connecting the lobes; stamens usually somewhat unequal with one stamen slightly longer than the other four

Diversity of Insect Flower Visitors of Xylopia aromatica (Magnoliales, Annonaceae) in a Brazilian Savanna.

Marcos Antônio da Silva Elias (a1) , Edivani Villaron Franceschinelli (a1) , Leandro Juen (a2) , Fábio Julio Alves Borges (a3) , Glalko Machado Ferreira (a4) and Fábio Martins Vilar de Carvalho (a5) Calyx appendages 5–9 mm long, with at least some appendages on single calyx 7–9 mm long; base of appendages somewhat to very flattened; 700–1000 mTrichomes on leaves and stems often a mixture of colors (off-white to red-brown) and forms (simple, long-stalked furcate, and stalked multangulate-stellate) on the same plant, 1–4 mm long; flowering calyx appendages 7–17 mm long; mature berry 15–30 mm in diameter Indument of geminate-stellate trichomes with 5–8 rays at a node mixed with multangulate-stellate trichomes, the rays sometimes rebranched, the individual trichomes with a bottlebrush appearance (most easily seen on the adaxial leaf surface); calyx appendages usually obovate, rounded at the tip; corolla stellate in outline, divided 1/2 to 2/3 of the way to the base, with scant interpetalar tissue present only at base of corolla lobes; stamens equal Trichomes simple, not curling or crisped; calyx appendages 3–6 mm long; corolla light purple with darker markings at base adaxially, entire to shallowly stellate in outline, up to 3 cm long; berry usually ovoid; Mexico (state of Chiapas) and Guatemala

Beyond the English-language terms for coffee plants, we also looked to other languages for insight on the right name(s) for a coffee plant. In Spanish, as in English, there are several choices, says Mario Fernandez, Technical Officer and author with the Specialty Coffee Association. Typical terms range from mata de café (a shrublike definition, more commonly used in rural Latin America, says Fernandez) to the obvious árbol de café or coffee tree (less common, says Fernandez) to planta de café (“coffee plant”—a term none would debate). Tuglus C, van der Laan M. Univ California, Berkeley Division of Biostatistics Working Paper Series, Working Paper 233. 2008. Targeted methods for biomarker discovery: The search for a standard. [ Google Scholar] Arabica and canephora, and most coffee species, are small trees, not shrubs.” says Dr. Aaron Davis, Senior Research Leader at the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. “Some species are termed treelets,” he adds. Treelets. Treelets!van der Laan M, Pollard K, Bryan J. A new partitioning around medoids algorithm. J Statist Comput Simul. 2003; 73:575–584. [ Google Scholar] Filaments glabrous; exocarp of berry green; placental area green and juicy; disturbed clearings and agricultural fields of mountains of state of Oaxaca The authors do present a measure to determine the optional height of the tree, a normalized energy score reflecting the percent variance explained on a given basis conditional on the number of variables chosen to represent the treelet—the best K-dimensional basis. According to the authors, the best height and dimension K can be chosen using cross-validation - though the exact method of cross validation is not presented clearly in terms of choosing K. If the goal is to use treelets for the purpose of prediction, then this is easily defined, but it becomes unclear what is meant otherwise. Lycianthes habit A free-standing shrub habit in L. heteroclita (Sendtn.) Bitter, field photo taken by the first author at El Chocoyero, Nicaragua B vine habit in L. gorgonea Bitter, field photo of Dean 9528 (DAV) C upright herb habit in L. ciliolata (M.Martens & Galeotti) Bitter, field photo of Dean 225 (DAV) D prostrate herb habit in L. peduncularis (Schlechtd.) Bitter, field photo of Dean 230 (DAV). Scale bars: 10 cm. Lycianthes acapulcensis is a very variable species, and it may be that some of the local forms deserve varietal status. It is variable in habit, indument (both trichome type and density), leaf shape, presence or absence of purple stripes on the corolla, fruit shape, and fruit coloration. However, the variation extremes are connected by intermediate populations ( Dean 2004).

First sympodial unit c. 25 cm long, the internodes c. 13; lateral branching from the nodes of the first sympodial unit usually present at the time of flowering; subsequent sympodial growth about equal to the length of the first sympodial unit; pollen tricolporate; state of Nuevo León, on limestone soilsLycianthes trichomes A simple trichomes that do not flatten upon drying: left, in L. purpusii, from Beaman 5130 (NY); right, in L. pilifera, from Lorence 4035 (CAS) B simple trichomes that flatten upon drying: left, with flattened cells oriented alternately at right angles to one another in L. quichensis, from Breedlove 31746 (CAS); right, with flattened cells not oriented at right angles to one another in L. acapulcensis, from Dean 249 (DAV) C simple, curved trichome that does not flatten upon drying in L. tricolor, from Dean 297 (DAV) D glandular, simple trichomes: left, glandular trichome with ovoid glandular tip in L. textitlaniana, from Zarate Marcos AZM-274 (MEXU); right, glandular trichome with globose tip in L. surotatensis, from Rzedowski 43384 (DAV) E furcate trichome in L. purpusii, from Beaman 5130 (NY) F dendritic trichome in L. dejecta, from Dean 261 (DAV) G multangulate-stellate trichome in L. armentalis, from Breedlove 56055 (MO) H multangulate-stellate trichome with rebranched rays in L. breedlovei, from Breedlove 34793 (MO) I geminate-stellate trichome in L. sideroxyloides, from Dean 9526 (DAV). Scale bars: 0.25 mm. Corolla white, with or without maroon to purple nectar guides; corolla lobes usually glabrous abaxially; plant body usually erect, with first sympodial unit well developed above the ground; first two branching points on the plant body usually dichasial Liquidambar styraciflua'Worplesdon' is a selected variety of sweet gum chosen for its particularly good autumn foliage. This cultivar has the prestigious RHS Award of Garden Merit. Height x Spread: 25m x 12m Solanum somniculentum Kunze ex Schltdl., Linnaea 19: 306. 1847. Type: Germany. Grown by G. Kunze in the Leipzig Botanical Garden from seed brought from Mexico by C.A. Ehrenberg, 1845, G. Kunze s.n. (lectotype designated by Dean 2004, pg. 399: W [acc. # 0074704]; isolectotype: HAL [acc. # 100603]).

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